A linguistic and cultural analysis of symbolism: challenges in translation into Arabic and Russian, using *The Song of the Falcon* (M. Gorky) as an example.

Abstract

Abstract . This article presents a linguistic and cultural analysis of the symbols in Maxim Gorky’s *The Song of the Falcon*, focusing on the challenges of translating them into Arabic. Symbols are regarded as vehicles of national culture and worldview, and their complex semantics and ideological significance—particularly in the case of the Falcon, the Viper, the sky and flight—present serious challenges for translators. The study, based on a linguistic-cultural, contextual and comparative-translation analysis, demonstrates that an accurate rendering of the symbolism requires an interpretation that takes into account the cultural differences between the Russian and Arab peoples.