Journal title Lark Journal of Philosophy, Linguistics, and Social Sciences Indexing Online ISSN Print ISSN 2663-5836 1999-5601 Frequency 4 issues per year DOI prefix 10.31185 Editor in Chief Prof. Dr. Nihad Hassan Hajji, Faculty of Art College , Universiti Wasit, Iraq Email: nhaji@uowasit.edu.iq Organized by College of Art – University of Wasit, Iraq Citation Analysis Google Scholar Acceptance Rate: 60% Review Speed: 90 days Before submission, You have to make sure that your paper is prepared using the Lark paper Template, has been carefully proofread and polished, and conformed to the author's guidelines. Online Submissions Do you already have a username/password for WJCMS? GO TO LOGIN Need a username/password? GO TO REGISTRATION Registration and login are required to submit items online and check current submissions' status.
Guided by the principle of respecting human rights as a fundamental pillar for the advancement and progress of nations, and to safeguard individual dignity and freedom, achieve justice and equality within society, foster social stability, and support comprehensive development, the Presidency of the University of Wasit—through its Human Rights Unit—organized a scientific conference titled: "The First Human Rights Conference." Held on January 11, 2026, the conference was conducted in collaboration with several colleges within the university, including the Colleges of Administration and Economics, Medicine, Education for Pure Sciences, Arts, and Education for Human Sciences. Among the key recommendations issued by the Scientific Committee was the decision to publish the presented research papers free of charge in the Lark Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics, and Social Sciences, to support researchers.
Human Rights Conference: A Path to the Advancement of Nations 2026
The University of Wasit—Human Rights Unit colleges within the university
Copyright (c) 2026 رئاسة جامعة واسط / شعبة حقوق الإنسان كليات جامعتنا الإدارة والاقتصاد والطب التربية للعلوم الصرفة، والآداب، والتربية للعلوم الإنسانية https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Public Relations Strategies and Practices in Service Ministries: An Analytical Examination of the Iraqi Ministry of Health Facebook Page"
This paper investigates the digital public relations stratigies adopted by the Iraqi Ministry of Health via analyzing the digital content on its official Facebook page and the techniques the Ministry uses to accomplish its image and build its reputation in the digital atmosphere. To achieve this, the descriptive analytical methodology, both quantitative and qualitative, was used during the period from (April 1, 2022) to (July 1, 2022) through a content analysis form. The research outcomes showed that the media strategy was the most prominent among other digital strategies, followed by the education strategy, and then the dialogue and propaganda strategy. While the Ministry focused on other strategies to a minimal extent. The development of health services was at the lead of the topics that the Ministry of Health sought to highlight on its page. Besides focusing on immunization, health security programs, explaining health information and management systems, the Ministry sought help with the static visual content (images) as a primary communication tool due to its positive elements. The results also confirmed the dominance of news of the digital content on the Ministry of Health's official page.
Copyright (c) 2026 الباحثة: نوارة اياد كاظم، ا.د. فاطمة عبد الكاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Aesthetic values ​​in the moral education curriculum for the primary stage
The aim of the research was to build a scale of aesthetic values ​​in the moral education curriculum for the primary stage, as well as to identify the aesthetic values ​​in the moral education curriculum for the primary stage. The descriptive and analytical approach was used, As for the sample for constructing the scale, it was selected from male and female teachers who teach the subject of moral education in primary schools for the academic year 2025-2026, numbering (92) male and female teachers, and they were selected intentionally, Then, the researcher prepared a scale of aesthetic values ​​in the moral education curriculum for the primary stage and presented it to a number of experts. The researcher also found the results of analyzing the aesthetic values ​​in the moral education curriculum for the primary stage (first grade as a model), One of the findings is that there is a close connection between aesthetic education and the development of other moral values ​​in primary school, such as cooperation, respect, and responsibility. The study also produced a number of conclusions and recommendations, The most important conclusion is that aesthetic values ​​represent a complementary ethical dimension, as they are not separate from behavioral and social values, but rather support them through the development of refined taste and a sense of beauty in speech, action, and appearance. The study concluded with a number of recommendations and suggestions.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ‌. م. د. أنسام إياد علي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On the feasibility of philosophy, a survey of the opinions of students of the Department of Philosophy - Arts - Department of Philosophy Wasit University
This research is based on in both his content and its findings on a survey of the opinions of students of the Department of Philosophy, University of Wasit, bachelor's stage, about the feasibility and importance of what they study of philosophical opinions and theories? Has philosophy had any influence in changing some of their traditional convictions, ideas or outlook on life in general? This question was directed to students out of the belief that philosophy is not like other human disciplines, considering that there is a personal dimension that cannot be denied to those who receive or read it.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ. د. باقر ابراهيم الزيدي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structural Architectures of Generative Algorithms in Short Narrative Film Scenario
شهد سيناريو الفيلم الروائي القصير تحولات بنيوية كبيرة مبنى ومعنى منذ البدايات الاولى حتى اللحظة الراهنة تبعًا للمتغيرات الفلسفية والفنية المرافقة له، فالبنية الأرسطية تخلت عن تقعيداتها مع طروحات الطليعيين ومنظرو الحداثة، ثم شهدت نصوص ما بعد الحداثة تحولات نصية مغايرة حسب التقعيدات الفلسفية والفنية التي تبنتها، ثم شهد السيناريو الفيلم الروائي القصير تحولًا بنيويًا مع ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي التي اشتغلت خوارزمياتها على توليد نصوص جديدة بعيدة عن الصياغة الفنية للإنسان، ومع تحول الذكاء الاصطناعي تشكل عنوان البحث الموسوم (التراكيب البنيوية للخوارزميات التوليدية في سيناريو الفيلم الروائي القصير)، وقد تضمن الفصل الأول الإطار المنهجي الذي شهد مشكلة البحث التي خلصت إلى التساؤل الآتي: ما التراكيب البنيوية للخوارزميات التوليدية في سيناريو الفيلم الروائي القصير؟ وهدف البحث وأهميته وحدوده وتحديد المصطلحات، فيما جاء الفصل الثاني الإطار النظري على مبحثين، الأول بعنوان: البناء الفني لسيناريو الفيلم الروائي القصير والثاني تحت عنوان: سيناريو الفيلم الروائي القصير من الرقمية إلى الخوارزمية، ليخلص الفصل بمؤشرات الإطار النظري، في حين شهد الفصل الثالث إجراءات البحث مثل منهج البحث ومجتمع البحث وعينة البحث وإداة التحليل ووحدة التحليل وتحليل العينات التي كانت عبارة عن نصين مولدين بالذكاء الاصطناعي والبشري (أصداء النخيل) و(خارج التوقيت)، فيما شهد الفصل الرابع النتائج والاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات ليختتم البحث بالمصادر العربية والأجنبية.
Assistant Professor Dr. Ammar Ibrahim Mohammed Al-Yasri
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. عمار إبراهيم محمد الياسري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Media in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Theoretical Approaches and Contemporary Applications
The conference aimed to enhance scientific research and knowledge exchange in media studies by providing an interactive academic environment that brings together researchers, practitioners, and experts. This platform facilitated discussions on the latest theoretical and practical trends, analyzed technical and ethical challenges, and proposed actionable strategies to improve media performance and support sustainable development pathways.
Third Scientific Media Department Conference (Media and Artificial Intelligence) 2026
Media Department University of Wasit / College of Arts
Copyright (c) 2026 قسم الاعلام جامعة واسط / كلية الاداب https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Image of the West in the Writings of 7th Century AH/13th Century CE Historians
This study sheds light on the West from various perspectives as presented in the works of 7th-century AH/13th century CE historians. These historians undertook the task of examining the most important events and developments in Western countries, driven by a desire to understand the West. The study aims to clarify the historical geography of the West. Some historians presented a picture of the geography of the Byzantine Empire and the Slavic lands, describing their mountains, topography, climate, and important islands and gulfs. Furthermore, many historians, in their studies of the West, offered insights into the main motivations that drove them to study the West and investigate the facts, thus clarifying the image of the West for the reader. Some of these motives stemmed from a personal desire to learn about other cultures and obtain documented information that could be considered official records. Other motives were social, aiming to illustrate the social realities of Western countries, including customs, traditions, and the ceremonies of kings and sultans during holidays and special occasions. Economic motives drove historians to study the economic realities of Western countries, while political and military motives enabled historians of the 7th century AH/13th century CE to provide a concise overview of the West.
History, archaeology and heritage investigation
Lecturer Jalila Faisal Barghash Al-Mayahi
Copyright (c) 2026 م. جليله فيصل برغش المياحي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artistic beauty ranges from the functional needto the human desire
Our need for beauty is what drives us to prefer and acquire things, given its inherent function in our daily lives, whether it be tangible or intangible beauty. Beauty has been a fundamental element in the creation of art and the application of human ideas. Therefore, it is essential to understand the transformations in aesthetic discourse across eras and societies to grasp the meaning of a work of art and the purpose of its creation. Throughout history, the perception of aesthetic art has been linked to its function. Socrates believed that beauty lies in the perfect fulfillment of function, while Plato and Aristotle considered it a balance and harmony between the soul and the body, thus giving it an ethical dimension. In the Middle Ages, beauty was associated with religion and abstraction, while in the modern era it has transformed into an aesthetic industry. Today, it is closely linked to the visual pleasure promoted by advertising and consumer culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م كاظم لفتة جبر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Persuasive argumentation mechanisms in the prose of Banu al-Ahmar
A study of Banu al-Ahmar's prose reveals that it possessed a strong argumentative character. It was not merely a means by which the writer expressed a political or social position, but rather a rational persuasive tool based on diverse rhetorical and logical mechanisms. Writers employed argumentative ladders to arrange arguments according to an ascending logic, from weak to strong, thus enhancing the coherence of the discourse and clarifying the conclusion and bringing it closer to the recipient's mind. Writers of this era also relied on a set of argumentative connectives, such as (but), (fa), and (waw), to create contrast, causality, or accumulation within the discourse. This enhanced textual cohesion and made arguments more impactful. In addition, the importance of argumentative factors, such as (condition, negation, restriction, and oath), emerged. These elements represented grammatical and semantic tools for restricting meaning, limiting it to a single direction, and removing illusions or doubts from the recipient's mind. These tools were also reflected in the speeches and letters of the Banu al-Ahmar tribe, as a means of persuading the enemy, reassuring allies, or mobilizing fighters and urging them to jihad. The greatest value of this prose lies in its ability to blend logic and emotion, evidence and rhetoric, making persuasive discourse an effective tool for establishing religious, political, and social positions. Hence, it can be said that argumentative eloquence constituted the core of Banu al-Ahmar discourse and contributed significantly to consolidating a comprehensive rhetorical image that combined the beauty of language with the effectiveness of persuasion.
Assistant Professor Dr. . Souad Badie Mutair
Copyright (c) 2026 الباحثة: نرجس اسماعيل راضي، أ.م.د. سعاد بديع مطير https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Poverty and Crime in Chanson douce by Leïla Slimani
This study focuses on the book "Chanson douce" by Leïla Slimani, analyzing the main character, the nanny Louise. The analysis highlights the social, psychological, and literary aspects of the work, based on four key elements. Initially, we examined the parents' personal aspirations, particularly those of the mother, Myriam, who prioritizes her career over her maternal duties. This alternative results in a complete transfer of parenting to a third party. The second chapter addresses the parents' lack of vigilance, highlighting their neglect and disinterest in the face of worrying indications in Louise's behavior. This exclusion led to a tragic outcome. The third axis examines poverty as a trigger for violence. Louise, who comes from a disadvantaged background, is portrayed as a woman facing psychological instability, marginalized, and leading a life marked by social insecurity. This underlying pain manifests itself in an act of intense violence. Finally, through an in-depth study of the nanny, we discover a contradictory character, poised between tenderness and danger. Louise becomes a reflection of a society that excludes the most vulnerable. Her final act, tinged with tragedy, represents a reaction to a world that has abandoned her. Thus, this research seeks to demonstrate that the crime in "La Petite Chanson" is not an isolated act of society, but rather the result of the interweaving of parental and social responsibilities.
Asst. Lecturer Sada Nabeel Abd Ali Al-Bazzar
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. صدى نبيل عبد علي البزار https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Representations of the Self and the Other in Contemporary French Fiction: A Semiotic-Cultural Approach
This thesis examines the representations of the Self and the Other in contemporary French fiction from a semiotic-cultural perspective, focusing on identity, self-positioning, and the positioning of Others within literary texts. The analysis centers on characters, narrative structures, semiotic signs, and cultural stereotypes in the works of Annie Ernaux, Patrick Modiano, Laurent Gaudé, Mathias Énard, Édouard Louis, Leïla Slimani, and Marie NDiaye. The findings reveal that self-understanding in contemporary fiction is narrative, relational, and positional, rather than a fixed self-narrative, and is grounded in and shaped by social and sociocultural memory. The Other also serves as a source of identity: the Self is constructed through dialogues with the Other and through narratives about Others, which are further articulated via signs, ethical dichotomies, and national ethos
Researcher: Reem Hussein Abbas Abu-Altemen
Copyright (c) 2026 الباحثة: ريم حسين عباس ابو التمن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hybrid Warfare and Its Geostrategic Threats A Socio-Analytical Study of the Iraqi Reality: The Post-ISIS Phase as a Case Study
This study examines hybrid warfare as a complex military and security phenomenon by analyzing the geostrategic threats posed by the ISIS organization to Iraq and their social and security implications in the post-liberation phase. The research begins by outlining the theoretical framework of hybrid warfare, which combines conventional military violence with non-traditional methods such as media warfare, cyber operations, and ideological terrorism, aiming to achieve political objectives without relying solely on traditional battlefield confrontations. The study demonstrates that ISIS effectively exploited these multidimensional tools by taking advantage of the fragility of Iraq’s political and social structures, enabling the organization to establish an influence that proved difficult to counter through conventional security approaches. In the post-ISIS phase, the findings reveal the persistence of hybrid warfare effects on Iraqi society, manifested in the fragmentation of the social fabric, the escalation of sectarian divisions, complex patterns of displacement, and declining trust between citizens and state institutions. From a security perspective, dormant ISIS cells have continued to pose a threat to stability, while the growing influence of non-state armed groups has contributed to overlapping security authorities and heightened societal insecurity. The study concludes that addressing the threats generated by hybrid warfare requires the adoption of comprehensive and integrated national strategies. These include modernizing security doctrines, strengthening cyber security capabilities, developing counter media and religious narratives, and promoting national reconciliation and development in affected areas. The research further emphasizes the importance of coordinated domestic and international security and intelligence efforts, alongside the development of legal frameworks capable of responding to the evolving nature of terrorism and multidimensional attacks.. The study offers a forward-looking vision based on integrating security, intellectual, and social approaches to achieve sustainable stability and to protect both the state and society from the growing threats of advanced hybrid warfare.
Dr. Hanaa Abdulhameed Ibrahim Abdulhameed
Copyright (c) 2026 د. هناء عبد الحميد إبراهيم عبد الحميد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Populist Political Speeches in Contemporary Western Democracies
The research applies Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze modern Western democratic political speeches, which show how leaders use language to present citizens as virtuous and a single entity while making opponents and foreign elements appear dangerous to national authority and cultural heritage and economic stability. The research examines speeches from Viktor Orbán, Nigel Farage, Alexis Tsipras, and Jean-Luc Mélenchon through van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach and Wodak's discourse-historical approach during 2015-2025. The research shows right-wing populists use civilizational nationalism and anti-elitist sovereigntism to create threats, but left-wing populists focus on economic inequality and oligarchic power and international solidarity. The implemented strategies follow specific national requirements because they address Hungarian post-communist identity and British welfare chauvinism and Greek post-austerity political dynamics and French republican anti-imperialist movements. The research shows that populist speech contains an essential oppositional pattern, yet its actual words depend on specific situations, and its meaning can shift based on ideological perspectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 م. د. علي محمد حسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stylistic surprise is considered one of the major stylistic features that requires attentiveness and engagement with the discourse. This feature is clearly employed in the Holy Qur'an, which draws the attention of both readers and listeners, as Allah (SWT) has embedded the enduring characteristic in it across all times and places. This study aims to study the stylistic surprise feature in Surat Al-Qalam through examining what attracts the recipients and stimulates them to grasp the meanings of its verses. The surah is rich with many surprises related to the themes it addresses. Because the study focuses on surprise, not every verse calls for this style; rather, it may be consecutive verses, separate verses, the inclusion of a story, or a single word that evokes this surprise, The objectives of Surat Al-Qalam are achieved by astonishment, awareness, and defamiliarization in the usage, in order to shed light on the objectives and meanings of the Surah, The study yielded some results whose importance is inseparable from understanding the nature of surprise, as well as clarifying its effect on the recipient.
: Assistant Lecturer Taiseer Abdul Latif Ayoob Abdul Hafidh
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. تيسير عبد اللطيف أيوب عبد الحافظ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Palestinian Children during the Al-Aqsa Flood: A Socio-Semiotic and Socio-Cognitive Analysis
The current study examines the visual depiction of Palestinian children in the wake of the Al-Aqsa Flood, through a combined socio-semiotic and socio-cognitive discursive model. The circulation of photographic representations of children happening during this episode became some of the leading visual texts that prefigure humanitarian misery, vulnerability, and loss. Though these images received a large circulation, little academic attention has been paid to the semiotic and ideological processes that constitute the meaning-making of these images. The research agenda, therefore, is to examine how the visual representation of the Palestinian children was made and to determine how visual decisions helped create images of power relations, vulnerability, victimhood and victimization. The study is based on a qualitative interpretive methodology, which brings together the social semiotics by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) and the socio-cognitive model by van Dijk (2008). The sample size was six purposively chosen images of the Palestinian children in the Al-Aqsa Flood. The empirical evidence shows that the pictures do not simply store the agony of humanitarianism; instead, they are ideologically structured visual practices. The Palestinian children are continually staged as the symbolic representations of overall vulnerability that is accomplished with the help of visual means like gaze, salience, spatial organisation and symbolism, and symbolic elements. The representations make suffering prospective but place agency and responsibility in the background, a process that helped create sharedcognitive frames with regard to childhood in conflictual conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. رشا هلال كريم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Limits of Constitutional Oversight of Administrative Judiciary over University Student Expulsion Decisions in Iraqi Law
It is well-established that the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of any judicial or legislative decision is subject to review by the Constitutional Court. This is the basis for the research topic concerning the constitutionality of administrative courts reviewing appeals against disciplinary penalties imposed on university students by a disciplinary committee, college, or university. The importance of this topic lies in the instances where appeals submitted to the administrative courts are rejected due to the provisions of Iraqi Ministry of Education laws and the administrative judiciary's approach, which prohibits litigation regarding these penalties. This raises a fundamental question: what is the constitutionality of the laws and judicial approaches that shield university disciplinary committee decisions from appeal? This is what we will attempt to answer in two sections, employing an analytical methodology based on relevant Iraqi legal texts.
Assistant Professor Dr. Jaber Hussein Ali
Copyright (c) 2026 أ. م. د. جابر حسين التميمي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Political Marriage and the Re-creation of Power and Legitimacy in the Buyid Era
Political developments in Islamic territories in the early fourth century AH were the product of the interaction between individual agency and political structures. As tensions between the institutions of the caliphate and the emirate increased, the influence of individual agency on the balance of power and the maintenance of social stability grew. One of the consequences of this phenomenon was the emergence of political marriage within the institutions of the caliphate and the emirate. The peak of the conflict between the dual institutions of the caliphate and the emirate occurred during the Buyid era. For instance, Mu'izz al-Dawlah conquered Baghdad in 334 AH, thereby allowing the institution of the emirate to dominate the Abbasid caliphate for an extended period. The Buyid emirs employed various methods and strategies to maintain their dominance over the Abbasid caliphs and subordinate emirs. Among these, Buyid statesmen utilized political marriage as an effective tool for managing political affairs. This research raises the question: What was the relationship between political marriage and the reproduction of power and legitimacy during the Buyid era? The argument, based on historical description and analysis, asserts that political marriage during the Buyid era had a direct correlation with conflict management and the consolidation of political power. The study concludes that intermediary institutions, such as judges and scholars, played a significant role in the relationship between political marriage and the enhancement of power and legitimacy during the Buyid era.
Consulting Professor Dr. Nour al-Din Naimati
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م شاكر داخل شبيب، المشرف: دكتورة: خديجة عالمي، الاستاذ المشاور الدكتور نور الدين نعمتي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Disclosure in Public Office and Its Impact on Enhancing Integrity and Combating Administrative Corruption (A Comparative Analytical Study)"
<a href="Protecting public funds and promoting integrity in public service constitute fundamental pillars of the rule of law, particularly in light of the growing manifestations of administrative corruption arising from the abuse of official authority for unlawful gain. The system of financial disclosure is regarded as one of the most significant preventive and oversight mechanisms adopted by legislators to curb offenses against public funds, foremost among them illicit enrichment, as it enhances transparency in monitoring unjustified increases in the assets of public officials. This study is premised on the assumption that obligating public officials to disclose their financial assets represents an effective legal tool for detecting illicit enrichment and addressing gaps that may impede the discovery of conventional corruption crimes due to functional influence or the loss of evidence over time. Adopting a comparative approach, the study examines the legal frameworks governing financial disclosure in both Egyptian legislation—particularly the Illicit Gains Law No. 62 of 1975, as amended—and Iraqi legislation under the Integrity Commission and Illicit Enrichment Law No. 30 of 2011, as amended. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of this mechanism in enhancing public service integrity and supporting efforts to combat administrative corruption, culminating in findings and recommendations intended to improve the existing legal framework.">Protecting public funds and promoting integrity in public service constitute fundamental pillars of the rule of law, particularly in light of the growing manifestations of administrative corruption arising from the abuse of official authority for unlawful gain. The system of financial disclosure is regarded as one of the most significant preventive and oversight mechanisms adopted by legislators to curb offenses against public funds, foremost among them illicit enrichment, as it enhances transparency in monitoring unjustified increases in the assets of public officials. This study is premised on the assumption that obligating public officials to disclose their financial assets represents an effective legal tool for detecting illicit enrichment and addressing gaps that may impede the discovery of conventional corruption crimes due to functional influence or the loss of evidence over time. Adopting a comparative approach, the study examines the legal frameworks governing financial disclosure in both Egyptian legislation—particularly the Illicit Gains Law No. 62 of 1975, as amended—and Iraqi legislation under the Integrity Commission and Illicit Enrichment Law No. 30 of 2011, as amended. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of this mechanism in enhancing public service integrity and supporting efforts to combat administrative corruption, culminating in findings and recommendations intended to improve the existing legal framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ. م. أحمد حمزة ناصر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Legal Nature of the Activities of Iraq’s Unified Electronic Platform for Government Advertisements, Tenders, and Public Procurement: A Comparative Analytical Study in Light of Commercial Intermediation (Brokerage and Commercial Agency(
This study examines the legal nature of the activity of the Unified Electronic Platform for Government Announcements, Tenders, and Procurement in Iraq in light of commercial intermediation activities, namely commercial brokerage and commercial agency. The study aims to determine the appropriate legal characterization of this activity by assessing whether it constitutes commercial brokerage, commercial agency, or an activity of a special legal nature, as well as to identify the legal effects arising from such characterization. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical methodology combined with a comparative analytical approach to examine the conceptual and legal framework governing the activity of the Unified Electronic Platform. It evaluates the extent to which the legal characterization of commercial intermediation activities (commercial brokerage and commercial agency) applies, or does not apply, to the platform’s activity in accordance with the provisions of commercial law, administrative law, and comparative legal doctrine. The study concludes that the activity of the Unified Electronic Platform for Government Announcements, Tenders, and Procurement in Iraq does not fall within the scope of commercial intermediation activities, due to the absence of the elements of commercial independence and profit motive. Accordingly, the prevailing legal characterization of the platform’s activity is that of a special electronic administrative regulatory activity, the purpose of which is to organize and unify government procurement and contracting procedures without intervening in the final award decision or the contractual process itself. Furthermore, the study clarifies the legal implications resulting from characterizing the platform’s activity as a special electronic administrative regulatory activity. These implications include the subjection of such activity to the rules of administrative liability, the determination of the legal status of platform users (government entities and commercial entities) as regulatory rather than contractual legal positions, the legal probative value of the procedures conducted through the Unified Electronic Platform, and the jurisdiction of the administrative judiciary to adjudicate disputes arising from this activity. In conclusion, the study presents a set of findings and recommendations that contribute to the development of a comprehensive legal framework for the establishment and regulation of digital government platforms, in a manner that enhances legal certainty for their users and aligns with the requirements of the transition toward e-government and the unification of its procedures.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. عباس فاضل خدام https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Sasanian Administrative Model and Its Impact on the Development of Arabic Diwans Before Arabization (23–81 AH / 644–702 AD)
The study examines the impact of the Sasanian administrative model on the formation of Arab diwans prior to Arabization (23–81 AH / 644–702 CE). It analyzes the structure and central features of the Sasanian system, traces the mechanisms of its transmission to the early Islamic state, and identifies similarities and differences between the two systems. The research problem stems from the ambiguity surrounding the extent and nature of Sasanian influence on early Arab administrative institutions. Accordingly, the study aims to define the main characteristics of the Sasanian model, explain how it was adapted within the Arab-Islamic context, and assess its actual impact on the development of early Islamic administration. The findings indicate that the Sasanian model provided the structural foundation for the early Arab diwans, particularly in centralized organization, functional specialization, and accounting practices, while linguistic and legal modifications were introduced to align with Islamic law and the Arabic language. The results also show that the emerging administration maintained central oversight and developed flexible structures to meet the demands of territorial expansion, thereby enhancing administrative and financial stability. The study recommends further comparative research on earlier administrative systems and encourages the application of historical administrative experience to contemporary governance models.
Copyright (c) 2026 الباحثة: نضال يونس مجيد، أ.م.د مجتبی‌ گراوند دانشیار https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of educational institutions in reducing drug abuse
The conference, held under the auspices of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research / Department of Research and Development / Development Division, referenced under number ( 3/13046) dated 6/11/2025, a copy of which is attached hereto, following approval dated 30/6/2025, aimed to underscore the importance of raising awareness regarding the phenomenon of drug abuse and mitigating its prevalence. The conference outcomes, as articulated in its recommendations, emphasized the pivotal role of educational institutions in raising awareness among younger generations concerning the dangers of this affliction, which devastates society. Among the recommendations of the Scientific Committee was the publication of research papers in Lark Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics and Social Sciences, issued by the College of Arts, Wasit University, free of charge, in support of the National Scientific Conference entitled: "The Role of Educational Institutions in Combating the Phenomenon of Drug Abuse," within the scope of the conference themes. It is further noted that a Ministerial Scientific Committee was formed to evaluate the submitted research papers. Attached herewith is a CD (labeled "Manmj") containing the twenty-three (21) research papers that have undergone evaluation.
National Scientific Conference: The Role of Educational Institutions in Reducing Drug Abuse 2026
The Role of Educational Institutions in Combating the Phenomenon of Drug Abuse
Copyright (c) 2026 دور المؤسسات التعليمية في الحدّ من ظاهرة تعاطي المخدرات https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A pragmatic approach to persuasive discourse in the poetry collection "A City Without a Heart" by Ahmed Abdel Mo'ti Hegazi
The study focuses on a pragmatic (or pragmatic-discursive) approach to the poetic discourse of Ahmed Abdel-Ma’ty Hegazy, particularly in his collection City Without a Heart, and on the capacity of modern poetic discourse to embody issues of existence, identity, and politics through linguistic tools that transcend mere aesthetic structure to reach a communicative and argumentative horizon interacting with both the reader and the context. The approach revealed that the textual pragmatics extend toward uncovering latent meaning, hidden intentions, and persuasive strategies embedded within language, transforming poetry into a dialogical space where the personal intersects with the collective, the abstract with the real, and the symbolic with the historical. Hegazy’s discourse, characterized by shifts, multiple pronouns, temporal layering, and poetic structures that merge with narrative and rhetorical elements, emerges as a model of post-defeat poetry, where the poem becomes a site of communication, contestation, and interpretation. Although the pragmatic methodology faces challenges when dealing with the density of symbolism and the fragmentation of meaning in poetic texts, it provides a dynamic reading of literary texts as discursive practices that deconstruct and reconstruct the system based on understanding speech acts, context, speaker intentions, and audience responses. Consequently, this study does not merely offer a new reading of Hegazy’s work, but also contributes to reopening the horizon of modern Arabic poetry through pragmatics as a revealing and interpretive tool, integrating the linguistic with the cultural, and granting the text an enhanced capacity for persuasion and impact.
Responsible Writer Mohammad Javad Pourabed
Copyright (c) 2026 الباحث: عباس علي ارحيل الخالدي، الکاتب المسؤول: محمد جواد پورعابد، الاستاذ علي خضري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Trust in Social Media Content for Facebook Users in Diyala Governorate
Public trust is one of the most important elements of the news material that is circulated It is a challenge that social media cannot overcome, as it is difficult to verify the sources of its information. Moreover the ease with which photography techniques have been developed to manipulate the content of images and the sounds of film content, which no longer requires high technical skill from news content creators, prompted the researcher to study it, taking Facebook as a model for it The researcher adopted the survey method in this study because it is suitable for the research topic. The research population was represented by Facebook users in Diyala Governorate. The researcher determined his research sample of 368 from the research population in a random way in order to achieve the research objectives. The researcher scientifically designed a form containing several axes, and the researcher concluded that official pages are the pages that enjoy the most public trust because they are affiliated with governmental bodies and institutions.
Assistant Professor Dr. Ali Abdulhussein Alwan Al-Alakawi
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م.د. علي عبدالحسين علوان العلكاوي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Iranian Foreign Policy Towards Africa: Reality and Future
<a title="Iranian Foreign Policy Towards Africa: Reality and Future" href="Abstract The African continent has received significant attention from many regional and international powers. Iran has been one of the countries seeking to open up horizons of cooperation with most countries on the continent, even making it a priority in its foreign policy. Since the 1960s, Iran has sought to establish diplomatic relations with most African countries. Even after the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, relations expanded, particularly after Iran affirmed, through its foreign policy, that it stands with African countries seeking to free themselves from colonial control. This may have led to a significant rapprochement between Iran and most countries on the continent. Iranian interest in Africa reached its highest levels during the era of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who placed it on his list of priorities. It constitutes a key point in the orientations of his foreign policy, which aimed to develop its relations with African countries on all political, economic, military, and even security levels. Its policy toward Africa has not changed even after Presidents Hassan Rouhani and Ebrahim Raisi assumed power in Iran.">Abstract The African continent has received significant attention from many regional and international powers. Iran has been one of the countries seeking to open up horizons of cooperation with most countries on the continent, even making it a priority in its foreign policy. Since the 1960s, Iran has sought to establish diplomatic relations with most African countries. Even after the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, relations expanded, particularly after Iran affirmed, through its foreign policy, that it stands with African countries seeking to free themselves from colonial control. This may have led to a significant rapprochement between Iran and most countries on the continent. Iranian interest in Africa reached its highest levels during the era of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who placed it on his list of priorities. It constitutes a key point in the orientations of his foreign policy, which aimed to develop its relations with African countries on all political, economic, military, and even security levels. Its policy toward Africa has not changed even after Presidents Hassan Rouhani and Ebrahim Raisi assumed power in Iran.
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.د منى حسين عبيد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Geographic Distribution of Migrant Labor and Its Impacts in Wasit Governorate for the Year 2024
The study aims to determine the number of expatriate workers in Wasit Governorate and their distribution across administrative units, while also identifying the reasons for this distribution. The research employs methods of analysis and reasoning, relying on percentage calculations to accurately describe the data. The study categorizes expatriate workers according to the private and public sectors, gender, and nationality, as these are the data available from state departments. Foreign labor in the public sector in Wasit Governorate is divided into those working in oil extraction and electricity generation, and those in building and construction. As for foreign labor in the private sector in Wasit Governorate, they are categorized into private company employees and domestic workers. Additionally, the study examines the impacts of expatriate workers on Wasi Governorate. It concludes that these workers significantly affect unemployment, which has serious societal implications. The study also proposes measures to address this phenomenon.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. دعاء نوري خليف https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Security Council veto: consequences and reform scenarios
It is no secret that the UN Security Council was established to be the guardian of international peace and security. However, the very structure of this Council contains the seeds of its own ineffectiveness, namely the "right of veto." This research examines the impact of the veto on the effectiveness of the UN Security Council in fulfilling its mandate as stipulated in the UN Charter, particularly in the area of ​​maintaining international peace and security. The importance of this topic is underscored by the frequent use of the veto by the permanent members, which has often paralyzed the Council and rendered it incapable of making decisive decisions regarding serious international crises.
Lect. Dr. Abdulilah Nerman Sarhan Alshammri
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د عبدالاله نيرمان سرحان الشمري• https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Popular Mobilization Forces in Iraq: An Analytical Study of Their Role in Promoting Islamic and National Unity
The Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) represent a unique phenomenon in contemporary Iraq. They emerged in response to the al-Jihad al-Kifa’i (Sufficient Defense) fatwa issued by the Supreme Religious Authority, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, in 2014, following the existential threat posed by ISIS. This study combines academic analysis with a descriptive approach to examine the role of the PMF in strengthening Islamic and national unity in Iraq. It explores the origins of the PMF, its diverse composition, and its decisive military role in defeating terrorism, as well as the challenges it has faced in institutional integration, arms regulation, and building trust among the components of Iraqi society. The study also discusses the political and social impacts of the PMF and the extent of its commitment to a unifying national discourse. The findings conclude that the PMF constituted a necessary national and religious response that contributed to preserving the Iraqi state. However, its positive role in enhancing national unity depends on the success of fully integrating it into state institutions, regulating its weapons, reinforcing its professional national identity, and consolidating trust among all societal groups
Researcher: Jaafar Mohsen Jabr Al-Salmawi
Copyright (c) 2026 الباحث: جعفر محسن جبر السلماوي، د. عبد الوهاب فراتي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Media and Traditional Media: A Comparative study of News Credibility and Its Impact on the Iraqi Audiance in Baghdad Governorate
This study focuses on the rapid changes in the contemporary media landscape, represented by technological development and the competitive relationship between digital media and traditional media. The study’s problem is reflected in the widening gap between the increasing rates of digital media consumption and the standards of credibility amid the multiplicity of news sources. This study aimed to examine the nature of competition and the relationship between digital media and traditional media in terms of news credibility and their impact on the Iraqi audience in Baghdad Governorate. The study adopted the descriptive survey method and was conducted on a purposive sample of 200 respondents, employing Media Dependency Theory as its theoretical framework. The findings revealed an overwhelming dominance of digital media as the primary source of news, accounting for 71%, compared to 29% for traditional media. Results also indicated that 87% of the audience receives news through digital platforms several times a day, reflecting a clear shift toward digital media consumption. Despite the intensive use of digital media, the study confirmed the existence of a credibility and trust crisis, as the Iraqi audience continues to place greater trust in traditional media when news contradictions occur, with a relative weight of 74.6%. This trust is attributed to institutional professionalism and verified documentation as key standards of credibility. Furthermore, the study demonstrated a high level of audience awareness, as seeking official sources to verify news ranked first among audience behaviors, with a relative weight of 84.8%. The findings also highlighted key attraction factors, showing that identifying the original news source and the inclusion of images and videos are among the most significant elements enhancing trust in digital content.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. حيدر محمد جبار https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Loss and the Relationship Between Melancholy, Memory, and History in Iraqi Poetry After 2003
This research seeks to explore the significance of loss, both physical and emotional, the pain of memory, and the phenomenon of fear in Iraqi poetry after 2003. These phenomena contribute to the bleak picture painted in Iraqi poetry. Under the political and social crises that swept the country, Iraqi poets endured harsh conditions, sharing their pain with that of society. Many suffered the loss of loved ones through death and exile, reflecting their sense of loss and weariness with the death that tore the country and its people apart. Sectarianism also played a role, a constant refrain of death, which led them to write with bitterness. Memory, too, is an integral part of the poet's anguish and sorrow, serving as a repository from which they recalled childhood memories and the harshness of life. Furthermore, memory transcends being merely a record of personal events in the texts of our poets, reaching into ancient ideologies that formed a significant part of their work. From the poet’s awareness, to link the tragedies and pains of the present and past of Iraqi society. This research also included the phenomenon of fear, which represented an important aspect of pessimism, as fear in poetry was associated with real political or social events, and fear was also linked to the unknown future that provokes feelings of imminent danger.
Researcher: Sajjad Mohsen Farhan Jabal Al-Drisat
Assistant Professor Dr. Ahmed Kadhim Salman Jabal Al-Attabi
Copyright (c) 2026 الباحث: سجّاد محسن فرحان جبل الدّريسات.، أ. م. د. أحمد كاظم سلمان جبل العتّابيّ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The aesthetics of enclosed spaces in Duna Ghali's novels – the homes of solitude as a model
place constitutes a fundamental material and an essential component in the construction of narrative due to its ability and direct impact on characters by expressing their anxieties and thoughts ,The writer employs it to convey social
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. سارة أمين محي الدين https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0