تطور نظام الضمان الاجتماعي في العراق ١٩٥٨_١٩٦٨ دراسة تاريخية

المؤلفون

  • م. رحمن مخيلف جحيو عبود الجوراني الكلية التربوية المفتوحة ، Open Educational College / Wasit Academic Centre

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.4295

الملخص

عانت " الطبقة الشغيلة " في العراق من تردي اوضاعها العامة، نتيجة استغلال اصحاب العمل والاهمال الحكومي، يهدف الضمان الاجتماعي الى حفظ المجتمع من الانحلال والفساد لأنه يجنب الافراد من العوز والفاقة من خلال ما يقدمه من اعانات مالية، ويحقق استقرار العلاقات الاجتماعية والانسانية بين طرفي الانتاج، وتوفير الأمن للمواطنين ضد أخطار العمل وتأمين الدخل الذي يعوض الاجر بسبب البطالة أو المرض أو العجز أو الشيخوخة أو فقدان الاسرة الى المعيل بسبب الوفاة او مساعدات نقدية لسد النفقات الاستثنائية كالولادة او الزواج والوفاة، لذا كان لابد من افراد دراسة تعالج الضمان الاجتماعي للعمال لأهميته في تاريخ العراق الاجتماعي والسياسي نتيجة اشتداد المطالبات العمالية في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين لتحسين ظروفهم المعيشية، بدأت الاجراءات الحكومية في سن قانون العمل في العام 1936م، والاخذ بنظام الضمان الاجتماعي في العام 1956م للمرة الاولى، لكن تعثر تنفيذ القانون حتى انطلاق ثورة 14 تموز التي اولت تنفيذه عناية خاصة، استمر الاهتمام بتطوير تشريعات ضمان العمال على الرغم من تبدل الانظمة السياسية فتم تشريع قانون للضمان في العام 1964م وفق الرؤية الاشتراكية في ادارة الدولة، وقانون اخر في العام 1971م في ضوء فلسفة البعث في تسييس الطبقة العاملة في العراق، لذا تطور نظام الضمان الاجتماعي 1958-1979م وشهد مراحل متعددة وشاملة لمختلف فئات العمال، ولم يترك مجالاً الا واعطاه عناية مناسبة سواء كان بالإدارة العامة أو القانون لتأخذ الطبقة العاملة مكانها اجتماعيا وسياسياً في المجتمع.

المراجع

First / published documents (government publications):

1- The Republic of Iraq, National Centre for Consulting and Administrative Development, General Decisions of the Revolutionary Command Council 1968-1977, Al-Ani Press, Volume I, Baghdad, 1978.

2- The Republic of Iraq, National Centre for Consulting and Administrative Development, General Decisions of the Revolutionary Command Council 1968-1977, Al-Ani Press, Second Volume, Baghdad, 1978.

3- Ministry of Guidance, Supreme Committee for the celebrations of July 14 in its first year, Dar Al-Akhbar Press, Baghdad, 1959.

4- Ministry of Guidance, Supreme Committee for the celebrations of July 14, the July 14 revolution in its second year, Trade and Printing Company Limited Press, Baghdad, 1960.

5- Ministry of Guidance, Supreme Committee for the celebrations of July 14, the July 14 revolution in its third year, Zankraf and Association Press, Baghdad, 1961.

6- Ministry of Guidance, Supreme Committee for the celebrations of July 14, the July 14 revolution in its fourth year, Zankraf and League Press, Baghdad, 1962.

7- Ministry of Social Affairs, Retirement and Social Security Foundation for Workers, Retirement and Social Security Law No. (39) of 1971, Government Press, Baghdad, 1971.

Second, letters and frames:

1- Amjad Khudair Rahim Mohammed Al-Douri, Industrial Development in Iraq 1958-1979 Historical Study, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Faculty of Education, Tikrit University, 2004.

-2 Hamdan Ramadan Mohammed Khalil, Political Modernisation in Contemporary Iraqi Society: An Analytical Study in Political Sociology, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Arts, University of Baghdad, 2004.

3- Haider Attia Kazem Matlak Al-Sudani, the official and popular position of the residents of the huts (Baghdad as a model) 1932-1963 AD Historical study, unpublished master's thesis, Faculty of Education, Al-Mustansiriyah University, 2013.

4- Rahman Makhilif Jahio Abboud Al-Jourani, Administrative System in Iraq 1958-1963, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Faculty of Education for Human Sciences, Waist University, 2015.

5- Sawsan Abdul Aziz Abdul Wahab, Social Developments in Iraq 1958-1963, unpublished master's thesis, Higher Institute of Political and International Studies, Al-Mustansiriyah University 2004..

6- Abbas Farhan Zahir social life in Baghdad 1939-1958 AD Historical study, unpublished doctoral thesis, Faculty of Education (Ibn Rushd), University of Baghdad, 2003.

7- Ghasun Muzhar Hassan Al-Mohammadawi, Economic and Social Developments in Iraq for the period 1958-1968, unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Education for Girls, University of Baghdad, 2005.

8- Naji Turki Hamza Omran, Ministry of Social Affairs 1939-1958, unpublished master's thesis, Ibn Rushd College of Education, University of Baghdad, 2012.

Thirdly, Arabic and Arabic books:

1- Ibrahim Khalil Al-Alaf, History of the Labour Movement in Iraq, Centre for Regional Studies, University of Mosul, Dr. T.

2- Adith Wai, Eve, Penrons, Iraq A Study In Its Foreign Relations And Internal Developments 1915-1975, Translation Of Abdul Majeed Hassib Al-Qaisi, Al-Dar Al-Arabia Encyclopaedias, Beirut, Vol. 1, I, 1989.

3- Aurel Dan, Iraq during the reign of Qassem, a political history 1958-1963, translation and commentary by Zarzis Fathallah, Dar Aras for printing and publishing, camel publications, Beirut - Baghdad, 1, 2012.

4- Jaafar Abbas Hamidi, History of Iraqi Ministries in the Republican Era 1958-1968 AD 18 November 1963-14 November 1964, vol. 7, I1, Beit Al-Hikma, 2004, .

5- Jalal Al-Quraishi, Explanation of the Iraqi Labour Law, Al-Azhar Press, Baghdad, 1972.

6- Hassan Latif Kazem, the arguments of social protection, social security and employment in Iraq, International Labour Organisation, Baghdad, 1, 2022, .

7- Hassan Latif Kazem, Social Protection in Iraq: An Analysis of Stakeholders, Publisher Friedrich Abert Foundation, Amman, 2017.

8- Hanna Battou, Iraqi Communists,

Baathists and Free Officers, translated by Dr. Afif Al-Razzaz, Opportunitiesad's Counse, Book III, 1, 2006, Qom City.

9- Khaled Mohsen Mahmoud Al-Rawi, History of the working class in the Iraqi country 1968-1975, Al-Hurriya Printing House, Baghdad, 1983.

10- Khalil Ibrahim Al-Zoubai, Iraq in British documents (July 14 - July 30, 1958), reviewed by Abdul Wahab Al-Qassab, Beit Al-Hikma, Co. 3, I1, Baghdad, 2000.

11- Sami Khalil Ahmed, A Look at Labour Laws, Ministry of Culture and Information, Department of Information (Media Series), Baghdad, 1999.

12- Sadiq Qadir Al-Khabbaz, half a century of the history of the trade union movement

in Iraq, Dr. I, Baghdad, d. T. Sabah Khosrow, Social Insurance and Social Security, Arab Labour Office, Baghdad, 1976.

13- Safaa Al-Hafiz, the public sector and the prospects of socialist development in Iraq, Dar Al-Farabi, Beirut, 1971.

14- Taleb Abdul-Jabbar, a quarter of a century of the trade union movement in Iraq, Dr. I, D. N, d. T.

15- Adel Al-Ali, Social Insurance: A Study In Its Financial And Economic Aspects And Its Application In Iraq, Dar Al-Kitb Foundation For Printing And Publishing, Mosul 1981.

16- Abdul Karim Farhan, Harvest Revolution (The Experience of Power in Iraq) Memoirs, Dar Al-Buraq, London, 1996, 2nd.

17- Abdul Wahab Hamid Rashid, Evaluation of the results of the nationalisation of the manufacturing industry in Iraq - 1972, Al-Ghari Modern Press, Najaf, 1976.

18- Ali Karim Saeed, Iraq, February 8, from the dialogue of concepts to the dialogue of blood, reviews in the memory of a young student, Dar Al-Knooz Al-Adbiya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1, 1999 AD.

19- Ali Mohammed Ibrahim Al-Karbasi, Iraqi Facts Guide (Revolutionary Command Council Decisions 1968-1985, Al-Hurriya Printing House, Baghdad, 1986.

20- Qais Abdul Hussein Al-Yasri, Iraqi Press And The National Movement From The End Of World War II Until The July 14 Revolution, 1958, Al-Hurriya Printing House, Baghdad, 1978.

21- Kazem Habib, Glimpses of Iraq of the twentieth century: Iraq in the republican era, Book VII The rise and fall of the second and third republics, Dar Aras for printing and publishing, Erbil, 1, 2013.

22- Kamal Mazhar Ahmed, Iraqi working class Training and Beginnings of Movement, Dar Al-Rashid Publishing, Baghdad, 1981.

23- Marion Farouk Slugt, Peter Slugt, from the revolution to the dictatorship of Iraq since 1985, translation: Malik Al-Nabrasi, Publications of Camel, Baghdad, 2003.

24- Mohammed Salman Hassan, Economic Development in Iraq, Vol. 1, Beirut, 1965.

25- Mahmoud Fahmy Darwish and others, Iraqi Republic Guide for the year 1960, Department of Scientific-Historical-Geographical-Social-Industrial - Commercial Knowledge, Baghdad Urbanisation Press, Dr. I. 1961.

26- Mahmoud Mohammed Al-Habib, Economics of Iraq (analytical study), Modern Printing House, 1, Basra, 1969.

27- Mervat Ali Al-Daghstani, the modern Iraqi state and the problem of the constitution, the issuance of the Centre for Iraqi Nation Studies - Mesoyutamia / Baghdad - Geneva, Dar Al-Hurra Al-Kalima, Beirut, 1, 2012.

28- Moayed Ibrahim Al-Wandawi, Iraq in the annual reports of the British Embassy 1944-1958, House of General Cultural Affairs, I, Baghdad, 1992.

29- Naji Ali Mohammed Al-Dalawi, Criminal protection of workers in the private sector in Iraqi legislation, a comparative study, Arab Centre for Publishing and Distribution, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2019.

30- Naseer Saeed Al-Kazimi, a contributor to the history of the labour movement in Iraq until 1958, Centre for Research and Socialist Studies in the Arab World, Syria, 1, 1991.

31- Nouri Abdul Hamid Al-Ani and Alaa Jassim Mohammed Al-Harbi, History of Iraqi Ministries in the Republican Era

1958-1968, Beit Al-Hikma, Baghdad, 2nd, 1st, 2005.

32- Nouri Abdul Hamid Al-Ani and Alaa Jassim Mohammed Al-Harbi, History of Iraqi Ministries in the Republican Era 1958-1968 (February 7, 1959 - 13 July 1959) Beit Al-Hikma, Baghdad, Col. 2, 2, 2005.

33- Nouri Abdul Hamid Al-Ani and Alaa Jassim Mohammed Al-Harbi, History of Iraqi Ministries in the Republican Era 1985-1968,, 13 July 1958 - December 13, 1959, Beit Al-Hikma, Baghdad, 2, C, 2005.

34- Youssef Sasun, The Resurrection Of Saddam, A Vision From Within An Authoritarian Regime, Translation Of Rifaat Al-Sayed Ali, Camel Publications, I1, Beirut, 2015.

Fourth, newspapers and magazines:

A. Newspapers:

Tel Newspaper or newspaper

The number

1 The revolution

30

2 The Republic

544, 513

3 Public opinion

183

4 The voice of the workers

3, 6, 37, 40

5 The Iraqi events

3907, 279, 431, 1015, 1762, 402, 1931, 2549, 2584, 2630, 2636, 2652, 2705,

B. Magazines:

1- Ibrahim Khalil Ahmed Al-Alaf, History of

the Labour Movement in Iraq, Journal of Regional Studies Centre for Regional Studies, University of Mosul, Issue 25, Volume Eighth, 2012.

2- Haider Nizar Salman, the dissolved Revolutionary Command Council in Iraq for the year 1968, Establishment and Establishment (Historical Study), Literature Magazine, Supplement (1) Issue 130 (Ept), 2019 AD / 1441 AH.

3- Majid Salman Hussein, Labour Movement in Iraq: A Study in its Political Trends, Journal of Historical Studies, Nineteenth Issue, University of Basra - Faculty of Education for Girls, 2015.

4- Journal of Social and Criminal Research, Issue (1), March, 1970.

Fifth / Internet networks:

1- Ahmed Awad Al-Khuzai, article, Iraqi workers... Honourable history and unknown future, 2/May 2020: Kitabat@ kitabat.con.

2- United Nations Iraq, Press Release on March 26, 2023, https:Iraq.un.org United Nations in Iraq:

3- Thiyab Fahd Al-Tai, Article: From the history of labour journalism in Iraq, civilised dialogue, 2/5/ 2018.debat < https:www: ahewar. Org

التنزيلات

منشور

2025-06-30

إصدار

القسم

التاريخ وعلم الاثار وتحقيق التراث

كيفية الاقتباس

رحمن مخيلف جحيو عبود الجوراني م. . (2025). تطور نظام الضمان الاجتماعي في العراق ١٩٥٨_١٩٦٨ دراسة تاريخية. لارك, 17(3), 438-411. https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.4295