Propaganda employment of cartoon artists in Iraqi newspapers((An analytical study of the cartoons in the newspapers (Al-Sabah and Al-Dustour)))

Abstract

The study aimed to reveal the topics propaganda that were employed in the art of caricature in the newspapers in the research community (Al-Dustour and Al-Sabah), and to focus on the characteristics that were employed through the topics of the caricatures or the most prominent advertising methods that were employed.

 The study adopted the survey method and the content analysis tool because it is the most important in content analysis. The media material cartoons were classified into several content analysis categories by adopting two subject units.

The study tool was verified after presenting it to a group of arbitrators with experience in the field of media, followed by conducting a reliability test. A number of subcategories were extracted from the main categories of caricature content and after monitoring a number of caricature forms that were subject to study during the research period in terms of the language used, the type of commentary, the targeted characters, and the symbols used through which the unity of the topic can be supported and explained (in a manner consistent with the nature of the study that concerns Through propaganda employment and in a manner that is based on accuracy and a comprehensive understanding of the aspects of the research. The study was divided into three chapters. The first chapter included the methodological framework, in which the researcher reviewed the importance, questions, and objectives of the research, as well as choosing the research community, the methodology followed in that study, and the analysis tool used.

The second chapter included the theoretical framework that dealt with the propaganda use of the art of caricature. The first section dealt with the emergence of propaganda, the concept, goals, methods, divisions, and propaganda conditions.

The third chapter included the theoretical framework for researching the art of caricature in the press, the origin and development of caricature and its entry into the world of journalism, as well as the schools of caricature and its forms and types. While the fourth chapter included a content analysis of the cartoons in Al-Dustour and Al-Sabah newspapers, the researcher relied on mathematical operations to organize these results in the form of tables. The first section included: Presentation and interpretation of the results of the content analysis of the cartoons in the 6/30/2023 Al-Sabah newspaper for the period from 1/2023. /1 to The second section: Presentation and interpretation of the results of the content analysis of the cartoons in Al-Dustour newspaper for the period from 1/1/2023 to 6/30/2023. The researcher reached a number of results, conclusions and recommendations during her study.

According to the research data, the researcher reached the following results, The study revealed that (political topics) constituted the largest part of the cartoons, which confirms that political topics are of great importance to the newspaper, as the extent of interest in (Al-Dustour and Al-Sabah) newspapers in political topics emerged as a result of the political events that crowded the Iraqi scene during the study period, The results of the study showed that Al-Sabah and Al-Dustour newspapers paid great attention to (social topics), as social topics were addressed and social events and problems were presented in the form of cartoons that depicted facts within society by criticizing incorrect customs and values and promoting positive values within society,  It became clear from the results of the study that (economic topics) received significant attention during the study period, as the cartoons constituted a high percentage and included various topics, as they were clearly employed by highlighting issues related to the living conditions of individuals in general and society and the country in particular and shedding light on them, Sports topics occupied great importance during a specific period of the study period, about a full month during the Gulf Cup tournament (Gulf 25) in the city of Basra, where all issues of Al-Sabah newspaper during this month included sports caricatures, and at the same time we did not find any sports caricatures in Al-Dustour newspaper,  The results indicated that the caricatures with (security topics) occupied a distinguished place during the study period, as the contents of the caricatures for security topics for the sub-categories showed (partial absence of security) and the government's inability to limit weapons to the state) a high percentage, which indicates that the government is unable to protect citizens and the state's lack of sovereignty.