دراسة في بعض الجرائم والعقوبات في بلاد الرافدين ومصر القديمة

Abstract

   Abstract                                                                                                      
        Law is considered as one of the important systems in the human life  which can not be overlooked in every society to regulate the relations among its members and bodies .The meeting of  people, their  contact and interaction with the environment in   which they live is the basis of the evolution of law and its development. In the sense that , it is the society drives  people necessarily to find legally binding rules to control  behavior and transactions among  people.
          For that reason, we find that the human elevated degree of human society     advances a degree in the  cultural development  the more the need becomes  urgent to laws and regulations for the purpose of regulating relations among its members. The more the aspects of social life are different and growth and progress  increase, the more  the need for laws to regulate these needs increases.  
        If we want  to imagine the reasons for the  legislation and legal reforms for the people of Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley, it can be seen  that they are accustomed to  practice their rights and freedom  in the limits of the law. As a result  of that ,The crimes and  penalties  system in these two civilizations is to establish the rules of justice and equality and the preservation of the lives  of people and their rights. Therefore ,there must be a deterrent to stop the aggressor  and gives everyone his right.                            
       Perhaps one of the motives for the  choice of  this theme as  a research subject-although the crimes are many and  varied and hand  multiple penalties, I research some selections of them –is an attempt  to shed  light on  the most important crimes penalties in the Iraqi and Egyptian civilizations and  to  observe how  to deal with them in the oldest civilizations known  in  history through  following the balance approach and  observe the aspects of  similarities and differences between them.                     
       The research is divided  into two  sections: the first section deals  with the most     important crimes and penalties in the old Iraq while  the second section is allocated to study  the crimes and  penalties in ancient Egypt. The research ends with a conclusion including  the  main findings arrived at by the research