حيثيات التدخل العسكري الأمريكي في لبنان عام 1958 -تحليلات ورؤى في ضوء الوثائق الامريكية-
الملخص
أصبحت دراسة التاريخ ضمن توجهات ومنطلقات اطراف الحدث التاريخي احد اهم مناهج التاريخ لكشف مضامين الحقائق التي أغفلتها الدراسات التاريخية التي اعتمدت التوجه و الرؤية الواحدة الأمر الذي يخل بنسبية الحقيقة التاريخية التي يتوخاها طالبها، علما ان الحقيقة التي نتكلم عنها في هذا السياق تبقى هي الأخرى قاصرة مادام البحث العلمي يلد كل ما هو جديد ، فخفايا التاريخ اللبناني المعاصر خضع لدراسات عدة منها ما خضع للمنهج الاستقرائي الذي يتبعه المؤرخون ومنها ما هو استنباطي سلكه باحثي السياسة وربما الاجتماع ايضا ، غير ان الواضح في هذه الدراسات انها حاولت الوقوف عند الإحداث ومن ثم بناء تصورات سعت ان تكون في اطار جديد من خلال المزج بين تبعية المصادر التي تناولت هذه الحقبة من التاريخ وهو امر مقبول ومثبت في سياقات منهج البحث التاريخي ، غير ان هذا النمط يجعل - وفي كثير من الأحيان - الباحث ان يقع في جملة من التناقضات التي تنسحب على اسلوب كتابته من حيث يشعر او لا يشعر، ومن هنا قد يكون الاعتماد على مصادر الاطراف المعنية بالحدث وبقدر متساوي من الكم ألمعلوماتي فيه اثر سلبي على الدراسة ، في حين ان توجه الباحث التاريخي نحو مصادر الطرف الواحد مع عدم اغفال المصادر الاخرى- واستخدامها بطريقة محدودة- بطريقة استنباطية تحليلية قد تضع تصورات الباحث في الاتجاه الاقرب الى الصواب ومن ثم الابتعاد عن التناقض الذي قد يضر بتلك الحقيقة المطلوبة.
المراجع
(1) F. R. U .S .1952-1954, Vol 1X, The near and Middle East, Telegram/783A.11/9-2352: The charge in Lebanon(Lobenstine) to the Department of State , Beirut , September 23, 1952, NO 493.
(2) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut, January 30, 1958, No 5.
(3) F. R. U. S, 1958-1960,vol X111,Arab-Israel dispute, Arab Republic , North Africa : Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the United Arab Republic, Washington, March 25, 1958,No 202.
(4) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State ,Beirut ,January 16,1956,No 2;F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State , Baghdad,July 14,1957,No 112.
(5) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut, January 9, No 1; Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut, February 21,No 7.
(6) See F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut, April 3,1958,No12;Ibid,Memorandum from the office in charge of Lebanon-Syria Affairs (Waggoner) to the director of the office of Near East Affairs(Rokwell) , Washington, January 17, 1958, No 3.
(7) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut,April 3, No 12; Ibid, F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut,April 18,No 14; Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut, January 30, 1958, Op.cit.
(8) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Op.cit.No 7.
(9) Op.Cit. , Beirut, March 5. No 9 .
(10) Ibid, No 20 , Beirut, May 7;Department of State, Central Files,120-1480/9-1455, confidential, repeated, to Cairo, Amman, Beirut, London and Paris , quoted from , F.R.U.S. 1955-1957, Arab-Israli dispute,Vol XIV, No 272; Ibid , List of person; F.R.U.S. 1952-1954 , The Near East (in tow part) , Vol lX, part 1, List of persons.
(11) Ibid, Beirut, February 21, No 7;Ibid, Editional Note ,p.p34-35.
(12) Ibid, Editional Note ,p.p 34-35.
(13) Ibid, Beirut, May 11, No 23
(14) Ibid.
(15) Ibid, Beirut, May 12, No 25
(16) Ibid, Beirut, May 13, No 27
(17) Ibid.
(18) Ibid.
(19) Ibid, Memorandum 0f a conversation, White House, Washington, May 13, 1958,No 30.
(20) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1,Telegram from Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut May 14, 1958, No 32.
(21) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1,Telegram from the Joint Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief U.S. Naval forces , Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean ( Holloway) at London , Washington, May 14, 1958, No 35.
(22) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Egypt , Washington, May 15, 1958,No 36.
(23) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Editional Note, No 40.
(24) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl,Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, May 13, 1958, No 31; Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, June 16 , No 87; Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, June 15,No 82; Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, May 23,No 49.
(25) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the President in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , and the Secretary of State in Washington , June 14, 1958,No 73; Telegram from Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut, July 10, 1958, No 119; Memorandum of Conversation Between the Minister of the British Embassy (Lord Hood) and the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Rountree), Department of State, Washington, July 3, 1958, No 115; Special National Intelligence Estimate , No 77.
(26) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Memorandum for the Record of a Meeting, Department of State, Washington, July 14, 1958, No 123.
(27) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State Beirut July 15, 1958,No 142.
(28) Ibid.
(29) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State Beirut, July 17, 1958, No 152 ; Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State Beirut, July 16, 1958, No 149.
(30) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the Secretary of State in Washington and the Ambassador in Lebanon (McClintock) in Beirut, July 16, 1958, No 148.
(31) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State ,Beirut, October 16, 1958,No 356; Editorial Note , No 357.
(2) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut, January 30, 1958, No 5.
(3) F. R. U. S, 1958-1960,vol X111,Arab-Israel dispute, Arab Republic , North Africa : Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the United Arab Republic, Washington, March 25, 1958,No 202.
(4) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State ,Beirut ,January 16,1956,No 2;F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State , Baghdad,July 14,1957,No 112.
(5) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut, January 9, No 1; Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut, February 21,No 7.
(6) See F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut, April 3,1958,No12;Ibid,Memorandum from the office in charge of Lebanon-Syria Affairs (Waggoner) to the director of the office of Near East Affairs(Rokwell) , Washington, January 17, 1958, No 3.
(7) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut,April 3, No 12; Ibid, F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State , Beirut,April 18,No 14; Telegram from the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut, January 30, 1958, Op.cit.
(8) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Op.cit.No 7.
(9) Op.Cit. , Beirut, March 5. No 9 .
(10) Ibid, No 20 , Beirut, May 7;Department of State, Central Files,120-1480/9-1455, confidential, repeated, to Cairo, Amman, Beirut, London and Paris , quoted from , F.R.U.S. 1955-1957, Arab-Israli dispute,Vol XIV, No 272; Ibid , List of person; F.R.U.S. 1952-1954 , The Near East (in tow part) , Vol lX, part 1, List of persons.
(11) Ibid, Beirut, February 21, No 7;Ibid, Editional Note ,p.p34-35.
(12) Ibid, Editional Note ,p.p 34-35.
(13) Ibid, Beirut, May 11, No 23
(14) Ibid.
(15) Ibid, Beirut, May 12, No 25
(16) Ibid, Beirut, May 13, No 27
(17) Ibid.
(18) Ibid.
(19) Ibid, Memorandum 0f a conversation, White House, Washington, May 13, 1958,No 30.
(20) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1,Telegram from Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut May 14, 1958, No 32.
(21) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1,Telegram from the Joint Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief U.S. Naval forces , Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean ( Holloway) at London , Washington, May 14, 1958, No 35.
(22) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol X1, Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Egypt , Washington, May 15, 1958,No 36.
(23) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Editional Note, No 40.
(24) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl,Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, May 13, 1958, No 31; Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, June 16 , No 87; Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, June 15,No 82; Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon, Washington, May 23,No 49.
(25) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the President in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , and the Secretary of State in Washington , June 14, 1958,No 73; Telegram from Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State, Beirut, July 10, 1958, No 119; Memorandum of Conversation Between the Minister of the British Embassy (Lord Hood) and the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Rountree), Department of State, Washington, July 3, 1958, No 115; Special National Intelligence Estimate , No 77.
(26) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Memorandum for the Record of a Meeting, Department of State, Washington, July 14, 1958, No 123.
(27) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State Beirut July 15, 1958,No 142.
(28) Ibid.
(29) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State Beirut, July 17, 1958, No 152 ; Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State Beirut, July 16, 1958, No 149.
(30) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the Secretary of State in Washington and the Ambassador in Lebanon (McClintock) in Beirut, July 16, 1958, No 148.
(31) F.R.U.S.1958-1960,vol Xl, Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State ,Beirut, October 16, 1958,No 356; Editorial Note , No 357.
منشور
2019-05-03
كيفية الاقتباس
الساعديم. ح. ز. (2019). حيثيات التدخل العسكري الأمريكي في لبنان عام 1958 -تحليلات ورؤى في ضوء الوثائق الامريكية-. لارك, 4(23), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol4.Iss23.545
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