Bertrand Russell's views and positions on pre-Socratic philosophers

Abstract

Bertrand Russell (1970-1772) is considered one of the main founders for the analytical school in the 20th century, which mainly focuses on language analysis and philosophical concepts using logic and mathematical relations, as his interests included morals, political and social science and mathematics, Russell presented critical analyses of all philosophical trends and currents, starting with Greek philosophy, passing through medieval and modern philosophy, and reaching contemporary philosophy.

Russell also presented critical analyses of the pre-Socratic philosophies, a group of thinkers who paved the way for the appearance of classical Greek philosophy. He held differing positions and opinions regarding these philosophers, praising some of them for their role in the development of philosophical thought, while criticizing others for their lack of scientific methodology or their reliance on obscure metaphysical speculation.

For those interested in other philosophies, understanding the philosophical roots is essential to uncovering the solutions and answers of earlier philosophers. The importance of such studies lies in their demonstration that philosophical facts differ from those of other sciences. For the facts of physics negate previous false theories, while philosophy is characterized by integration and continuity. Aristotle does not negate Plato, just as Descartes does not negate Aristotle. Rather, it is the successive philosophical doctrines throughout the ages that provide us with philosophical truth.

In this research, we aim to review Russell's views and positions on pre-Socratic philosophers, including naturalists, Pythagoreans, and sophists, and his analysis and critique of their views and ideas, and the extent of their influence on subsequent philosophy