The Role of AmericanTrade Unions in the Labor Strike Movement 1900-1914
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.4413Abstract
This research attempts to trace the strike movement led by the labor forces in the United States of America during the period 1900-1914. The study includes an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter traces the establishment of American labor organizations and their role in leading the strike movement until 1900. The second chapter focuses on the independent trade union federations' undertaking of organizing the labor strike movement from 1900 to 1905. The final chapter traces the recurrence of labor strikes and the role of socialist forces in their expansion from 1906 to 1914.
The research concludes that American labor forces relied on strikes as a means to achieve their rights, and that the power of the capitalist system did not prevent them from practicing their struggle to achieve this. It became clear that there was a difference in visions between the labor unions. The socialist unions and parties that were linked to the Communist International and that took their orientations from abroad were more committed to their demands. The labor force in the United States of America was less suffering than its counterparts in other countries. This may be due to the authorities’ awareness of the importance of achieving some of the workers’ demands, with the aim of preventing them from escalating and continuing the strike movement so that this would not affect the capitalist system as a whole, especially since it is a system based primarily on the power of labor and production.
References
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https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp45717
ثانياً الكتب العربية والمعربة :
1- نوار عبد العزيز سليمان, جمال الدين محمود محمد, تاريخ الولايات المتحدة الأميركية من القرن السادس عشر حتى القرن العشرين , القاهرة , 1999 .
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• Meltzer, Milton, Landmarks of Freedom, translated by Ahmed Ezzat Taha, Damascus, 1961.
4- فوستر , وليم ز., موجز تاريح الحركة النقابية العالمية1764-1876,ج1,ترجمة :عبد الحميد الصافي,بغداد,1972.
• Foster, William Z., A Brief History of the International Trade Union Movement 1764-1876, Part 1, translated by Abdul Hamid Al-Safi, Baghdad, 1972.
- ثالثاً الكتب الاجنبية:
1- Algie Martin Simons,Class Struggle in America, U.S.A, 1909 .
2- Bruce T. Williams, Michael D. Yates, Upward Struggle : A Bicentennial Tribute to Labor in Cambria and Somerset Counties, Pennsylvania,1976.
3- Charles R. Geisst, Encyclopedia of American Business History,U.S.A., 2006.
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6- David Thomson , In Nevada: The Land, The People, God, and Chance , New York, 2000.
7- Federico Varese, Mafias on the Move: How Organized Crime Conquers New, U.S.A, 2013.
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9- George G. Suggs , Colorado's War on Militant Unionism, James H. Peabody and the Western Federation of Miners, 1972.
10- Gompers Samuelm ,The Samuel Gompers Papers: The making of a union leader, 1850-86, Volume 1., University of Illinois,1967.
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14- J.Warren Madden, governmental Protection of Labor's Right to Organize, U.S.A., 1936 .
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18- Morris Friedman, The Pinkerton Labor Spy , Wilshire Book Co., New York, 1907.
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رابعاً البحوث المنشورة في المجلات :
1- السبع,جواد رضا رزوقي , وودرو ويلسون وسياسة الولايات المتحدة تجاه تقييد الهجرة الاجنبية, مجلة لارك للفلسفة واللسانيات والعلوم الاجتماعية ,جامعة واسط - كلية الآداب ,العدد 30 ,2018 , على الرابط الالكتروني: https://lark.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/lark/article/view/257/195
• Al-Sabaa, Jawad Redha Razouki, Woodrow Wilson and the United States' Policy towards Restricting Foreign Immigration, Lark Journal of Philosophy, Linguistics and Social Sciences, University of Wasit - College of Arts, Issue 30, 2018,
2- الفتلاوي ماجد محيي عبد العباس, الجيلاوي وإيمان صباح, وليام ماكينلي ونشاطه السياسي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية 1896-1901 ,المجلد (25) ,العدد الثاني , كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية , جامعة بابل, حزيران 2018.
• Al-Fatlawi Majid Mohi Abdul Abbas, Al-Jilawi and Iman Sabah, William McKinley and his Political Activity in the United States of America 1896-1901, Volume (25), Issue 2, College of Education for Humanities, University of Babylon, June 2018.
خامساً- البحوث المنشورة بالمجلات الاجنبية :
1- Benjamin McKie Rastall, "The labor history of the Cripple Creek district," Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin ,Journals in JSTOR Feb. 1908, n.198.
2- Judith McDonough , Worker Solidarity, Judicial Oppression, and Police Repression in the Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania Coal Miner's Strike, 1910-11, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, Vol. 64, No. 3 (Summer 1997).
3- Lyle W. Cooper, "Organized Labor and the Trust," Journal of Political Economy, vol. XXXVI, 1928.
سادساً- القواميس:
1- Caryn Hannan , Illinois Biographical Dictionary, Vol. 1, U.S.A., 2008.
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