قلة الوعي بالمؤشرات المبكرة للتوحد من قبل الآباء العراقيين: مقاربة نوعية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol3.Iss51.2991الكلمات المفتاحية:
التوحد، المؤشرات المبكرة للتوحد، الوعي بالتوحد، اضطرابات التواصل، مراحل النمو الأساسيةالملخص
يعد التوحد ظاهرة مقلقة وسريعة الانتشار في جميع انحاء العالم. إلا أن معرفة الوالدين بالعلامات المبكرة لهذا الاعتلال له أثر كبير في التشخيص والتدخل العلاجي المبكر. لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة لتقييم مدى وعي الوالدين باضطراب طيف التوحد وتأثير غياب هذا الوعي على ارتفاع حالات التوحد في العراق. وقد تعتبر هذه الدراسة الأولى من نوعها من حيث أنها ترصد حالة غياب المعرفة باضطراب طيف التوحد من قبل الآباء العراقيين الذين تم تشخيص ابنائهم بالتوحد في وقت متأخر. وقد أعد الباحثان استبانة عبر الانترنت، لمخاطبة آباء الاطفال المصابين بالتوحد، المنتمين الى مناطق عراقية مختلفة، لجمع البيانات المتعلقة بادراكهم ووعيهم بالعلامات الاولية للتوحد. كما وتهدف هذه الاستبانة أيضا الى تقييم وعي الآباء باضطرابات النمو المبكرة لدى أطفال التوحد مثل القدرة التفاعلية، والأنماط السلوكية، والتواصل اللفظي وغير اللفظي. إن معظم الأطفال المعنيين في هذه الدراسة لم يتلقوا التشخيص حتى بلوغهم سن دخولهم المدرسة، أي حوالي خمس إلى ست سنوات، وهذه مرحلة متأخرة جدا في التشخيص. وقد أظهرت نتائج البحث أن معرفة الآباء العراقيين بالمؤشرات المبكرة للتوحد عند أبنائهم ضئيلة جدا، لذلك، ولسوء الحظ، غالبًا ما تنقضي الأشهر وربما السنوات بين الوقت الذي تظهر فيه علامات التوحد والوقت الذي يتم فيه التشخيص والعلاج. ولقد أثر هذا النقص المعرفي لدى الآباء سلبا على الأطفال المصابين بالتوحد، وذلك لتأخر الآباء في اللجوء الى الاستشارة الطبية وبالتالي تأخر التشخيص وتفشي الحالات. ويفترض الباحثان أن أسباب هذا النقص في الوعي باضطراب طيف التوحد من قبل الآباء يمكن أن يرجع الى ضعف المعرفة بالمراحل الأساسية الطبيعية لنمو الطفل عموما، ونقص التغطية الإعلامية التربوية، وندرة الدورات الميدانية التوعوية حول هذا الاضطراب في العراق.
المراجع
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