الرؤية العدائية للعصر الوسيط المسيحي لرسول الإسلام: إشارات للكوميديا الإلهية لدانتى
الملخص
يسلط البحث الضوء على الخوف, العداء، والحقد الذي لوّن نظرة أوربا القرون الوسطى، للإسلام والرسول الكريم "ص" بصورة خاصة، إذ غالبا ما كان يوصف بطريقة سلبية عدة قرون. الكثير من الأعمال التي ظهرت في العصر الوسيط حاولت تشويه سيرة الرسول الكريم . ومثال ذلك الكوميديا الإلهية للشاعر الايطالي دانتى أليجيري (Dante Alighieri) (1265-1321) الذي كره أي اتصال مع العالم الإسلامي، وفضل حضارة خالية من أي نفوذ أو تأثير إسلامي.
المراجع
1-R.W. Southern, Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978), P. 46.
2- Lloyd Ridgeon (ed.), Islamic Interpretations of Christianity (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979), P. 76.
3-Hugh Goddard, Muslim Perceptions of Christianity (London: Grey Seal, 1996).
4- Sebastian P. Brock, “Christians in the Sasanid Empire; a Case of Divided Loyalties,” in S. Mews (ed.), Religion and National Identity (Studies in Church History, (Oxford: Oxford University Press,1982), PP. 19.
5- Ian Giliman and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, Christians in Asia before 1500 (Aim Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1999), P.23.
6. Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Qur’anic Christians; an Analxzysis of Classical and Modern Exegesis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1991), P. 55.
7. Tarif Khalidi, The Muslim Jesus; Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), P. 12.
8. Kenneth Cragg, The Arab Christian: a History in the Middle East (London: Mowbray, 1992), PP. 34-35
9-Antonie Wessels, Arab and Christian: Christians in the Middle East (Kampen, The Netherlands: Pharos, 1979), P. 298.
10- David Thomas, Syrian Christians under Islam-the First Thousand Years (Leiden: Brill, 1990), P. 32.
11- Edward Grant. God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1988), P. 97.
12-Dante Allighieri’s Divine Comedy. Trans. Mark Musa. (Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University, 1996), P. 87.
Bibliography
Allighieri Dante. Divine Comedy. Trans. Mark Musa. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University, 1996.
Brock, Sebastian P.“Christians in the Sasanid Empire; a Case of Divided Loyalties,” in S. Mews (ed.), Religion and National Identity (Studies in Church History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982..
Cragg, Kenneth .The Arab Christian: a History in the Middle Eas.t London: Mowbray, 1992.
Hans, Ian Giliman .Christians in Asia before 1500 .Aim Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1999
Goddard, Hugh. Muslim Perceptions of Christianity. London: Grey Seal, 1996.
Grant, Edward .God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1988.
Khalidi, Tarif .The Muslim Jesus; Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature .Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.
McAuliffe, Jane Dammen. Qur’anic Christians; an Analxzysis of Classical and Modern Exegesis .Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Ridgeon Lloyd, (ed.). Islamic Interpretations of Christianity. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979.
Southern, R.W. Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Thomas, David .Syrian Christians under Islam-the First Thousand Years .Leiden: Brill, 1990.
Wessels, Antonie. Arab and Christian: Christians in the Middle East Kampen, The Netherlands: Pharos, 1979.
2- Lloyd Ridgeon (ed.), Islamic Interpretations of Christianity (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979), P. 76.
3-Hugh Goddard, Muslim Perceptions of Christianity (London: Grey Seal, 1996).
4- Sebastian P. Brock, “Christians in the Sasanid Empire; a Case of Divided Loyalties,” in S. Mews (ed.), Religion and National Identity (Studies in Church History, (Oxford: Oxford University Press,1982), PP. 19.
5- Ian Giliman and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, Christians in Asia before 1500 (Aim Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1999), P.23.
6. Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Qur’anic Christians; an Analxzysis of Classical and Modern Exegesis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1991), P. 55.
7. Tarif Khalidi, The Muslim Jesus; Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), P. 12.
8. Kenneth Cragg, The Arab Christian: a History in the Middle East (London: Mowbray, 1992), PP. 34-35
9-Antonie Wessels, Arab and Christian: Christians in the Middle East (Kampen, The Netherlands: Pharos, 1979), P. 298.
10- David Thomas, Syrian Christians under Islam-the First Thousand Years (Leiden: Brill, 1990), P. 32.
11- Edward Grant. God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1988), P. 97.
12-Dante Allighieri’s Divine Comedy. Trans. Mark Musa. (Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University, 1996), P. 87.
Bibliography
Allighieri Dante. Divine Comedy. Trans. Mark Musa. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University, 1996.
Brock, Sebastian P.“Christians in the Sasanid Empire; a Case of Divided Loyalties,” in S. Mews (ed.), Religion and National Identity (Studies in Church History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982..
Cragg, Kenneth .The Arab Christian: a History in the Middle Eas.t London: Mowbray, 1992.
Hans, Ian Giliman .Christians in Asia before 1500 .Aim Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1999
Goddard, Hugh. Muslim Perceptions of Christianity. London: Grey Seal, 1996.
Grant, Edward .God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1988.
Khalidi, Tarif .The Muslim Jesus; Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature .Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.
McAuliffe, Jane Dammen. Qur’anic Christians; an Analxzysis of Classical and Modern Exegesis .Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Ridgeon Lloyd, (ed.). Islamic Interpretations of Christianity. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979.
Southern, R.W. Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Thomas, David .Syrian Christians under Islam-the First Thousand Years .Leiden: Brill, 1990.
Wessels, Antonie. Arab and Christian: Christians in the Middle East Kampen, The Netherlands: Pharos, 1979.
منشور
2010-06-07
كيفية الاقتباس
Mankhy, A. H. (2010). الرؤية العدائية للعصر الوسيط المسيحي لرسول الإسلام: إشارات للكوميديا الإلهية لدانتى. لارك, 1(2), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol1.Iss2.24
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