" Characteristics of the Caliphate between the Laws of Islam and the concepts of Philosophy"

Abstract

The studies have indicated that the characteristics of the caliph came because of the hard work of the Muslim jurists and sages After the first century of immigration, for straightening governance and defend the Islamic Ummah.  And it seems that the reason behind these characteristics is that the previous stage in the ruling had the rulings by ijtihad in order to prevent those who departed from the religion.

As in was written in the ancient books: ((The caliphate was handed over to peoples without entitlement or independence with the knowledge of fatwas and rulings)), they also had their own turns in wisdom and justice in judgment. This matter urged the success of Muslim jurists in introducing justice and morality into the conditions of attributes, which they diverted from Greek philosophical thoughts. Due to the success of the idea of protecting religion with attributes and the purpose of it, happiness can be obtained through the attributes of the Caliph.

It seems that the fight under the label of the concept of the desired happiness in the world in the establishment of the ideal society under the label of political philosophy has formed a contradiction in the inference of the desired happiness between Islam and philosophy,The reason behind that is that happiness for Muslims was manifested in the afterlife, and happiness for philosophers was manifested in the current life they live.