پیدایش ورواج هجو در ادبیات عربی وفارسی(( پژوهش مقايسه)) نشأة وانتشار الهجاء في الادبين العربي والفارسي((دراسة مقارنة))

Abstract

The source of pride for Arabs is poems and considered one of the ancient Arts. It is one of the Ironic important poems since the ancient eras due to the great relationship of irony to the people daily life in political and social issues. This paper tries to express and identify the concept and the types of  defamation at the Arab and Persian literature. Jibbran Mahmood identified defamation as:                                                                             

1-It is a type of Lyrics stands for sarcasm and distressing critics, and sometimes lead to abuse, hurtful laugh.                                                      

2-Defamation division. It was remarked, that personal defamation has never given that concern, opposite to the social and political irony that given much concern.                                                                                    

In chapter two, we realize the importance of the beginning and dispersion of defamation in Arabs and Persian Literature. The age of ignorance started at the Arab Nation's Literature and begun at the Persian literature at the end of third century and earlier of fourth century. We can see the defamation poetry in the peak at the Abbasid time due to the both people suffer (Arabs and Persians).