Main Causes of the Rise of Political Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol3.Iss38.1495Keywords:
Political Islam, Colonialism, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Iranian revolution, Soviet-Afghan war.Abstract
One of the most controversial topics that are argued about among many scholars nowadays is Political Islam. The significance of this appeared widely after the success of Iranian revolution in the previous century, and then the Soviet Union's breakdown in the beginning of 1990s that flamed the desire for recruiting and supporting Islamists, and the active participating in elections in some Arab and Islamic countries. Despite that, the occurrence of some other factors, in previous century, caused momentum to the appearance of political Islam. Hence, this paper comes to shed light on the most important of those reasons and factors.
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Al-Anani, K. (2013). The power of the jama ‘a: the role of Hasan Al-Banna in constructing the Muslim brotherhood’s collective identity. Sociology of Islam, 1(1-2), 41–63.
Alexander, A. (2007). The Rise of Political Islam. Cheltenham, England: Understanding Global Issues Ltd. (148).
As-Sadr, B. (1984). Iqtisaduna: Our Economy. (Translated from Arabic) Volume 2. Tehran: World Organization for Islamic Services (WOIS).
Ayubi, N. (2003). Political Islam: religion and politics in the Arab world. Routledge.
Bachar, S., Bar, S., Machtiger, R., and Minzili, Y. (2006). Establishment Ulama and Radicalism in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan. Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World/Research Monographs on the Muslim World, 1(4).
Baram, H. (2014). Insaiklopiay part u bzutnawa Islamiakan la jihanda [Encyclopaedia of Islamic parties and movements in the world]. Sulaymaniyah: Rahand Press. [Kurish Edition].
Brown, L. C. (2000). Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
Campo, J. E. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. New York, NY: Facts On File.
Commins, D. (2006). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. London: I.B.Tauris.
Enayat, H. (1982). Modern Islamic political thought, The response of the Shi’i and Sunni to the twentieth century, London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Esposito, J. L. (1994). Political Islam: Beyond the Green Menace. Current History: A Journal of Contemporary Wold Affairs, (579), 19–24.
Esposito, J. L. (2000). Political Islam and the West, en Joint Force Quarterly 24: 49–55
Esposito, J. L. (2006). Terrorism and the rise of political Islam. pp.145-158. In: Richardson, L. (Ed.). 2006. The roots of terrorism: Routledge.
Esposito, J. L. (2015). Islam and political violence. Religions, 6(3), 1067–1081.
Esposito, J. L. (Ed.). (1983). Voice of resurgent Islam, New York: Oxford University Press.
Fuller, G. E. (2003). The Future of Political Islam, New York: Palgrave.
Gerges, F. A. (2003). Islam and Muslims in the Mind of America. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 588 (1), 73–89.
Haim, S.G. (1962). Arab Nationalism: An Anthology. California: University of California Press.
Hefner, R. W. (Ed.). (2011). Shariʻa politics: Islamic law and society in the modern world. Indiana University Press.
Hegghammer, T. (2010). The rise of Muslim foreign fighters: Islam and the globalization of jihad. International Security, 35(3), 53-94.
Hooker, V. M., and Saikal, A. (Eds.). (2004). Islamic perspectives on the new millennium. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Hourani, A. (1983). Arabic thought in the liberal age 1798-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jawad, H.A. (Ed.). (2001). The Middle East in the new world order. 2nd ed. London: MacMillan Press LTD.
Kavli, Ö. T. (2001). Protest in the name of god: Islamist movements in the Arab world. Journal of International Affairs, 6(2).
Khatab, S. (2006). The political thought of Sayyid Qutb: The theory of Jahiliyyah. Routledge.
Liu, Z. (2013). Commentary on “Islamic State” Thoughts of Islamism. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 7(3), 22-42.
Martin, R. C. (Ed.). (2004). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
Masood, E. (2009). Science and Islam; a History. London: Icon Books.
Milton-Edwards, B. (1996). Political Islam in Palestine in an environment of peace? Third World Quarterly, 17(2), pp.199–226.
Milton-Edwards, B. (2000). Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Mutalib, H. (2006). Misunderstood: Political Islam in Southeast Asia. Harvard International Review, 28(2), p.84.
Othman, A. H., (2018). Fiquh al'awlawiat eind Bediuzzaman Said al-Nursi 'awlawiat al'iislah aldiyni wal-ijtimaei nmwdhjan, dirasat tahlilia, mawdueia li rasayil al-Nur [The First Principles of Fiqh in the Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: The Principles of Religious and Social Reform in the Risale-i Nur: An analytical, thematic study]. AL-NUR Academic Studies on Thought and Civilization, (17), 107–136. [Arabic Edition].
Piscatori, J. P. (1986). Islam in a World of Nation-states (Vol. 1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Qutb, S. (1979). Ma'alim fi al-Tariq [Milestones]. Beirut: Dar al-Shuruq. [Arabic Edition].
Reuveny, R., & Prakash, A. (1999). The Afghanistan war and the breakdown of the Soviet Union. Review of International Studies, 25(4), 693-708.
Roy, O. (1994) The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Ruthven, M., Nanji, A., and Filali-Ansary, A. (2004). Historical atlas of Islam. Harvard University Press.
Tauber, E. (1994). Three approaches, one idea: religion and state in the thought of ‘Abd Al‐Rahman Al‐Kawakibi, Najib ‘Azuri and Rashid Rida. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 21(2), 190–198.
Tessler, M. (2015). Islam and politics in the Middle East: Explaining the views of ordinary citizens. Indiana University Press.
Voll, J.O. and Sonn, T., 2010. Political Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press.
Zubaida, S. (2000). Trajectories of Political Islam: Egypt, Iran and Turkey. The Political Quarterly, 71, 60–78.
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2020-06-30
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مجيد . آ. . (2020). Main Causes of the Rise of Political Islam. Lark, 12(3), 571-549. https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol3.Iss38.1495
