From Materialism to Spirituality Examining Hemingway shifting Philosophy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.4428Keywords:
Psychoanalytic , Materialism, Spirituality, HemingwayAbstract
The present study is an attempt to analyze and understand Hemingway’s shifting from Materialism to Spirituality. The study tackles two of Hemingway's great masterpieces, To Have and Have Not and The Old Man and the Sea. The former two novels are analyzed from a psychological point of view; they tackle the status of modern man during the time of political, social and economic crises. They show how repression, desire, conflict and unconsciousness affect the writer’s literary work.
The article aims to discuss the conduct of characters through the novels and the reasons, which push the writer to abandon the materialistic world that portrayed in his previous works and refuges in to the spiritual world, especially in The Old Man and the Sea. It also discusses the status of the protagonists at the end of the novels, whether the writer desisted his endeavors for reformation through material means in favor of spiritual means? That can be achieved by bringing the head and the skeleton of the Marlin a shore. Finally, the paper ends up with a recommendation for further studies.
References
Works Cited
Bargh, J. A. (2014). “Our Unconscious Mind.” Scientific American, 310(1), 30–37.
Burhans, C. S. (1966). The Old Man and the Sea: Hemingway’s tragic vision of man. American Literature, 31(4), 446–455. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2922437
Callenbach, E. (1958). “Review: The Old Man and the Sea.” Film Quarterly, 12(2), 45–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3186053
Cain, W. E. (2006). “Death sentences: Rereading The Old Man and the Sea.” The Sewanee Review, 114(1), 112–125. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27549780
Cotter, J. M. (1962). The Old Man and the Sea: An “open” literary experience. The English Journal, 51(7), 459–463. https://www.jstor.org/stable/811309
Cross, J. (2006). “Modernism and Tradition, and the Traditions of Modernism.” Muzikologija, 2006(6), 19–41.
Dhemad & Alrikabi, (2025). A Portrayal of Physical Disability in Brigid Kemmerer’s Novel A Curse So Dark and Lonely. Lark, 17(2/Pt1), 1155-1133. https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.2770
Freud, S. (1908). The relation of the Poet to Day Dreaming. In P. Rieff (Ed.), Character and Culture (1972). Collier Books.
___ (1976). The interpretation of Dreams (J. Strachey, Ed.). Penguin Books.
Greene, P. (2015). To Have and Have Another: A Hemingway Cocktail Companion (Rev. ed.). Penguin.
Gurko, L. (1955). The Old Man and the Sea. College English, 17(1), 11–15. https://www.jstor.org/stable/495716
Hemingway, E. (1994). To Have and Have Not. Random House.
___ (1952). The Old Man and the Sea. Jonathan Cape.
Johnston, K. G. (1970). The star in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea. American Literature, 42(3), 388–391. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2923916
Kenneth G. Johnston, “The Star in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea.” American Literature, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Nov., 1970), pp. 388-391
Kumar, R. S. (2017). “Exploring Escapism in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea.” An International Refereed e-Journal of Literary Explorations, 5(1), 69–75.
Longmire, S. E. (1970). “Hemingway's Praise of Dick Sisler in The Old Man and the Sea.” American Literature, 42(1), 96–98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2924386
Martin, C. D. (2006). “Ernest Hemingway: A psychological Autopsy of a Suicide.” Psychiatry, 64(4), 351–361.
Reyes, F. L. (2021). Ernest Hemingway: 20th century modernist and expatriate. PopMeC Research Blog. https://doi.org/10.58079/szg0
Roa, P. G. R. (2008). “Dynamics of Narration: Later Novels.” In H. Bloom (Ed.), Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations (pp. 5–31). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
Ryan, F. L. (1980). The immediate Critical Reception of Ernest Hemingway. University Press of America.
Ryan, W. J. (1968). “Uses of Irony in To Have and Have Not.” Modern Fiction Studies, 14(3), 329–336. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26278612
Spaugh, J. L. (1975). "To have and Have not": World without a Hero (Master’s thesis). College of William & Mary, Arts & Sciences.
Sylvester, B. (1966–1967). “They went through this fiction every day”: Informed illusion in The Old Man and the Sea. Modern Fiction Studies, 12(4), 473–477. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26278484
Weeks, R. P. (1962). “Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea.” College English, 24(3), 188–192. https://www.jstor.org/stable/373283
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 د.عبدالله جاسم محمد بني منصو
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
