Pejoration in Trump's Selected Speeches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol3.Iss46.2076Keywords:
Pejoration, Implicature, Conversational Implicature, Conventional Implicature.Abstract
The current study tries to pragmatically investigate pejoration in Trump's Selected Speeches. This analytic-descriptive study examines how Grice's (1975) cooperative principles are broken and maintained in some of former President Donald Trump's speeches. The study involves viewing and studying his speeches and interviews for harsh and ridiculous interpretations in the context of a variety of events selected at random from online sites. Its goal is to evaluate the violation and observance of Grice's (1975) cooperative principles (CPs) and maxims from a practical standpoint. Pragmatically, this study looks into a novel approach of looking at speakers' non-cooperative and cooperative attitudes, as well as their violations of the Cooperative Principles and their maxims, throughout the communication process. Conversational implicature and evaluation of Grice's four proposed maxims under the cooperative principle, are used to examine the work samples. To investigate and evaluate the data in question, the researcher has used both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Grice's (1975) model is adopted in the current study. The results of the present study show that language can be utilized to spread pejoration, which is often employed indirectly by implying more senses than is overtly established. Pejorative utterances are more achieved in terms of conversational implicature than conventional ones. Additionally, the analysis of the current study has revealed that the violation of quantity maxim scores (1) occurrence with a percentage of (25%). As for the violation of quality maxim, it scores (4) occurrences with a percentage of (100%). Concerning the violation of manner maxim, it is about (3) occurrences with a percentage of (75%). Thus, the quality maxim represents the one that is frequently violated.
References
Allen, I. L. (1990). Unkind Words: Ethnic Labelling from Redskin to WASP. New York: Bergin & Garvey.
Bianchi, C. (2014). Slurs and Appropriation: An Echoic Account. Journal of Pragmatics, p.p 35-44, Available online www.sciencedirect.com.
Camp, E. (2013) Slurring Perspectives, Analytic Philosophy 54, no. 3, 334.
Cutting, J. (2002). Pragmatic and discourse: A resource book for student. London, New York: Routledge.
Flores, J. K. (2015). Demeaning and Use: a Pragmatic Account of Slurs as Instances of Social Deixis. In Proceedings of the National Conference On Undergraduate Research (NCUR), Eastem Washington University, Cheney, WA
Grice, H. (1975). Logic and conversation. In D. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and
Grice, H. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Hill, J. H. (2008). The Everyday Language of White Racism. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Holmes, J. (1995). Women, Men and Politeness. London: Longman.
Hom, (2010). Pejoratives, Philosophy Compass 5.2, 164-185.
Hornsby, J. (2001), Meaning and Uselessness: How to Think About Derogatory Words, In P.A. French and H.K. Wettstein (eds.), Midwest Studies in Philosophy XXV: Figurative Language. Issue, 25, Oxford: Blackwell. (Preprint available at URL:http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/154).
Jeshion, R. (2013). Slurs and Stereotypes. In Analytic Philosophy, Vol. 3, p.54.
Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research methodology, methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd: New Delhi. Semantics (vol3, pp.41-58). New York: Academic Press.
Shank, G. (2002). Qualitative Research: A Personal Skills Approach. NewJersy: Merril Prentice Hall.
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. London, New York: Longman.
Whiting, D. (2013). It's Not What You Said, It's the Way You Said It: Slurs and Conventional Implicature, Analytic Philosophy Issue 54, Vol 3.
Williams, C. (2011). Research methods. Journal of Business & Economics Research,5, (3), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres. 2015 .04.006
Williamson, T. (2009). Reference, Inference, and the Semantics of Pejoratives. In: Almog, Joseph & Leonardi, Paolo. (Eds.), The Philosophy of David Kaplan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Researcher Najah J. Salman , Assistant Professor Mazin J. al Hilu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
