العقوبة السالبة للحرية في الشريعة الاسلامية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.3354الكلمات المفتاحية:
لعقوبة السلبية، الواقع، العدم غير المتوقعالملخص
ان الأحكام الشرعية هي وسائل الى غايات مقاصدية( (أبو المنذر ، 2011م) ، وأساسها جاءت لجلب المنافع ودرء المفاسد , فإذا تعارضت مفسدة ومصلحة، فدفعُ المفسدة وإزالتها مقدّمٌ في الغالب على جلب المنفعة (السبكي، 1991م) ، إلّا أنْ تكون المفسدة مغلوبةً ؛ فالعناية بترك المنهيات أشدُّ من فعل المأمورات، لِمَا يترتب على المناهي من الضرر المنافي لحكمة الشارع في النهي( (علي جمعة، 2001م)) ؛ وفي حال اجتماع المفاسد فان امكن درؤها درأناها ، وان تعذر درأنا الأفسد فالأفسد ، وان تساوت نتوقف أو نتخير وان اختلفت فالمصالح الشرعية تكمن في طريقين هما : الطريق الإيجابي : جلب المصالح ، ويراد به ( ايجاد الوسائل الايجابية لتحصيل المقصد الشرعي واستمرار بقائه ، أي المحافظة عليه من حيث الانشاء والبقاء) ( (الكبيسي و 2016م))، وهذا يتمثل بالأمور الأساسية لديموميه الحياة البشرية من ضروريات وما يتعلق بها من تكميليات ، والطريق السلبي : دفع المضار من جانبين (جانب العدم المتوقع : وهو تشريع القوانين المحذرة من المساس واستمراره، بتحريم الاعتداء عليه ، وهو احتراس مما يحتمل أن يقع على المقصد من اخلال . أما جانب العدم الواقع : فيعني أنه متى ما حصل اعتداء فأن تلك التشريعات– من قصاص وحدود–ستنفذ في حق الجاني حفظًا على المقصد الشرعي...) (الكبيسي و 2016م) ، وهذا ما يطلق عليه بالعقوبات السالبة للحرية بتضييق الخناق على كل من تسول له نفسه الاعتداء على حق الغير ، وهذا ما سنتطرق اليه في هذا البحث الذي قسمته على مبحثين ، ثم خاتمة وذكر المصادر والمراجع ، وبالله نستعين .
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