Building a Scale to Detect Electronic Bullying from the Journalists’ Point of View a Survey Study from 1/1/2021 to 31/5/2021

Abstract

This research focuses on studying how to construct a scale for electronic bullying against journalists, due to increasing the spread of electronic bullying in its various images and shapes, especially against celebrities, including journalists. The phenomenon has multi psychological, social, and professional reflections, with the absence of a law organizing the social media sites' work, punishing bullies, and being fair to the victims. This research deals with the electronic bullying concept, its effects, images, and its relation to work from the journalists’ point of view, as they are regarded as the most exposed to bullying via social media sites. The journalists who work in different Iraqi media (printed, audio, video, and electronic) represented the research community. The researchers followed the survey method using two tools the questionnaire and the scale. They were distributed electronically to an element of journalists, as there are (100) respondents. It took 3 months for distributing and unloading the forms, starting from (1/3/2021) to (31/5/2021). Among the most prominent results of the research: The clarity of the electronic bullying concept among journalists in its various images and forms, as the Facebook(Meta), is regarded as the most remarkable website where the journalists are subjected to bullying. Furthermore, there is a relation between electronic bullying with gender, as journalists women are more vulnerable to bullying than men. Regarding the phenomenon motives of cyber-bullying as they are represented by: threats, incitement, destabilization of self-confidence, mocking opinions and proposals. Moreover, the weakness of the legal aspect of cyber-bullying has led much to rise in the phenomenon at the current time.