Psychological Suffering in Peter Shaffer's Equus: Artaudian Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol3.Iss32.163الملخص
Abstract
Dramatists were affected by the First World War and revolted against the old traditions. They began to doubt the existing social structures that increased the universal conflict. Through Theatre of Cruelty, they succeeded to release human subconscious, his psychological suffering and exposed man to himself.
Antonin Artaud (1896–1948) puts a theory for the theatre of cruelty that based on ritual and fantasy. That form of theatre attacks the audience's subconscious in an attempt to free the deep-rooted fears and worries that are normally repressed. This theatre concentrates on brief text, screams, cries and symbolic gestures in order to shock the audience and arouse their reaction. The use of the body and the voice with the violent, frightening and shocking images is to enhance truth.
المقاييس
يتم تحميل المقاييس...
المراجع
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Vork, Robert. (2013). The Things No One Can Say: The Unspeakable Act in Artaud's Les Cenci: Modern Drama. 56. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co.
Adam, Peter. (1976). Peter Shaffer on Faith, Farce and Masks. London: Hamish Hamilton Press.
Arrandale, Rick. (2007). Artaud and the Concept of Drama in Theology. London: New Black friars.
Artaud, Antonin. (1958). The Theatre and Its Double. Translated by Mary Caroline Richard. New York: Grove Press.
……. (1966). Jet of Blood. Trans. George E. Wellwarth and Ruby Cohn. Boston: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1966. Print.
…(1970). The Cenci, translated by Simon Watson-Taylor. London: Calder and Boyars.
…(1971). Antonin Artaud: Selected Writings. Susan Sontag (ed.) Translated by Helen Weaver. New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux.
…. (1976). Collected Works. Translated by Victor Corti. Vol. IV. London: Calder & Boyars.
Bellinger, Martha Fletcher. (1927). Article on Aristotle, Classic Technique, and Greek Drama. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Bermel, Albert. (1977). Artaud’s Theatre of Cruelty. New York: Taplinger Publishing. Co.
Brockett, Oscar G. (2007). History of Theatre. Boston, MA: Perason Education.
Brook, Peter. (1968). The Empty Space. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Cardullo, Bert and Robert Knopf. (2001). Theatre of the Avant Garde, 1890-1950: A Critical Anthology. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Carlson, Ralph S. (1985). Peter Shaffer: Critical Survey of Drama. IV. Frank N. Magill (ed.). New Jersey: Salem Press.
Chu,Vivian Chingd Mei. (1996). The Artaudian Theater of Images: The Language of Mise en Scene in the Theatre of Antonin Artaud and His Followers. France: Diss Bowling Green State University.
Costich, Julia F. (1978). Antonin Artaud. Boston: Twayne Publishers Print.
Dean, Joan F. (1978). Shaffer's Recurrent Character Type, Modern Drama. London: Penguin Press.
Esslin, Martin. (1976). Antonin Artaud. New York: Penguin Press.
Girard, Rene. (1972). Violence and Sacred. Patrick Gregory (Translator). London: Macmillan Press.
Gorelick, Nathan. (2011). Life in Excess: Insurrection and Expenditure in Antonin Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Greene, Naomi .(1967). Antonin Artaud: Metaphysical Revolutionary. Yale French Studies 39. Web.
Knapp, Bettin. (2009). Antonin Artaud's Revolutionary Theatre of Cruelty. London: Rutledge.
Laing, R. D. (1967). The Politics of Experience. New York: Pantheon Books.
Marowitz, Charles. (1966). Notes on the Theatre of Cruelty. New York: Grove Press
Plunka, Gena A. (1980). The Existential Ritual: Peter Shaffer's Equus. London: Andre Deatsch.
Sellin, E. (1975). The Dramatic Concepts of Antonin Artaud. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Shaffer, Peter. (1980). The Collected plays. New York: Harmony Press.
…..(1977). Equss. London: Penguin.
…...(1975). Equus: Playwright Peter Shaffer Interprets Its Ritual, Vogue. New York: Harper and Row.
Taylor, John. (1974). Peter Shaffer. Harlow: Longman Press.
Tharu, Susie J. (1984). The Sense of Performance: Post-Artaud Theatre. New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann.
Trussler, Simon. (1973). Peter Shaffer: The Royal Hunt of the Sun Note on Literature. Oxford: Kemp HallPress.
Vandenbrouche, Russel. (1975). Equss: Modern Myth in the Making Drama and Theatre. New York: Harmony.
Vork, Robert. (2013). The Things No One Can Say: The Unspeakable Act in Artaud's Les Cenci: Modern Drama. 56. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co.
التنزيلات
منشور
2019-01-31
كيفية الاقتباس
Mahdi, S. M. (2019). Psychological Suffering in Peter Shaffer’s Equus: Artaudian Approach. لارك, 3(32), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.31185/lark.Vol3.Iss32.163
إصدار
القسم
بحوث متفرقة
